High performance Essay

ConclusionThere are 3 different fraction dyes in the mix including sulky dye, yellow dye and red dye. The blue dye has the highest Rf in chromatography ( Rf=1 in body of water and ethanol and isoprophy inebriant). The yellow dye has the lowest Rf in chromatography in ethanol and isoprophy alcohol and middle Rf in water (Rf=0.17 and isoprophy alcohol and lowest Rf in water (Rf=0.816 in ethanol, Rf= 0.678 in water and Rf=0.680 in isoprophy alcohol).Real World ConnectionHPLC-MS stands for full(prenominal) performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. HPLC-MS shares the same principle with paper chromatography. They both distinguish mixture using the difference in different affinities to nomadic/stationary phase of different components. However, HPLC-MC is far different from paper chromatography. Firstly, HPLC-MC is composed of a liquid chromatography and a mass spectrometer. This instrumentation enables HPLC-MC to analyze a much wider range of components. While paper chro matography only qualitatively separate different component in a liquid mixture, HPLC-MS can quantitatively examine each component, including Compounds that are thermally labile, exhibit high signal or have a high molecular mass.Secondly, paper chromatography apply solvent as mobile phase and paper as stationary phase, but in HPLC-MS the mobile phase is the mixture of liquid and the stationary phase is the solid through which liquid flow. Thirdly, paper chromatography can be carried out at normal temperature and pressure, but HPLC-MS sometimes needs to be done under high pressure and certain temperature to successfully obtain the liquid through the solid and best demonstrate the difference in affinities of different liquid compound.

Albany Plan of Union Essay

A lot of uneducated people in todays period think that the colonies al meanss worked together before the French and Indian war. moreover sadly the people who think this are wrong. In fact the that connection between the colonies, other than the fact that they were all part of England, was with trade. With this loose connection there would never be any go for of vote outing the French in the French and Indian war. But luckily Ben Franklin had a great thought process to unite the colonies called the capital of New York intend of inwardness.Even though it was not passed, the Albany Plan of union was a genius idea because it brought e truly colony under the make of nonpareil council, allowed the foolion of taxes for host purposes, and united the colonies so that they could actually defeat the French. First off, throughout the States the only thing governing the colonies besides England was each colonys own colonial assembly. This kept each of the colonies very diverse and sovereign from each other. With the Albany Plan each of the colonies would be under realise of a Grand Council, which would be headed by a President normal appointed by the king.This would keep all the Colonies together and following angiotensin-converting enzyme order. With this the Colonies could easy be ready for war if anything were to happen. Secondly, another big hassle with the separated colonies was the fact that barely any money was sent to help the war effort. Without money for support there would be no way for supplies. Under the Albany Plan for gist, the grand council would have the right to collect taxes to go towards the war effort. One of the disagreements about this part of the plan was that the larger colonies became angry because they would be paying more taxes then the smaller colonies.This would wax to be Benjamin Franklins most daring part of his plan. Finally, one of the most important parts of this plan was that it united all the colonies as one. Before this plan the militia was state based and not very professional. Also state militia would not leave the boundary of their own state. This made the Militia weak and unable to defeat the French. With this union of colonies, the militias could fall to the war in minutes earning them the nickname, Minutemen. In conclusion, The Albany Plan of Union was truly a genius idea.Each part f the plan was what the colonies needed to be united and to defeat the French forces. Sadly though, The Albany Plan of Union needed an approval from parliament and the colonial assemblies. In the end it was not passed because the British saw it as a menace and the Assemblies liked there power. Even though it was not accepted it was a great idea. Even though it was not passed, the Albany Plan of union was a genius idea because it brought every colony under the control of one council, allowed the collection of taxes for military purposes, and united the colonies so that they could actually defeat the French.

Elie Wiesel’s “Night”- Journal Entry Essay

share is on Wiesels SideI am too elder, my son, he answered. Too old to start a new emotional state. Too old to start from scratch in few distant land (9)This snap where Elies father rejects his sons request to liquidate everything and scarper from the place where the extermination of Jews may occur, reminds me of a vivid conversation I once engaged in, with my two former(prenominal) North Korean grandparents.The Korean War (1950-53) and the Holocaust (1938-45) are in most aspects different, however, there is a heartbreaking similarity existing between the two incidents. That is, the pain of the victims gained from the withdrawal of the family.While reading this novel Night, for several times we questioned the primer coat why the Jews , despite hearing the Nazi plans of annihilating the entire population discharge throughout nations, didnt take chance to flee from the town. As we discussed in class, primarily, the Jews were skeptical that such inhumane incident would take p lace in the world, until they underwent the incredible agonies both physically and mentally. Secondly, the Jews simply were unable to find some place to leave for. Sure enough, they were unwilling to become homeless pull down under adverse conditions of life under the hands of the SS officers. (which they didnt require to be the holocaust)The first reason pointed above also applies to the families during the Korean War. resultant to the outbreak of war, young, strong men were forced to join the army in North Korea.This meant to my North Korean grandfather in his 30s, fighting against the southeastward Koreans was a patriotic obligation. However, he refused to fight, or support the government, and along the meeting of crowd he realized that the only way of escaping from the ordeal was to cease his home and flee to the in the south. Of course, he strongly urged his parents to come along with him. Nevertheless, they responded him by emphasizing him of their old age and their st rong will to ensure the pencil eraser of the house until the war ends. In spite of my grandfathers unless persuasion, they remained stubborn, and he could do nothing but to leave his parents behind and expire to a distant land.In the novel, I was indeed glad when the Wiesel family encounters theirformer maid Maria in Uncle Mendels house, Elie refuses her offer of safe hold dear in her village. Sure enough, if Elie and his brother went off with her, they might feel avoided the marvellous labor camps where their livelihoods were jeopardized. However, I feel that wouldnt be worse than the depravity of deserting ones own blood and flesh. Although we must take in con officeration of Wiesel witnessing his fathers death, he is aware that keeping concealment is the optimal choice that wouldnt exacerbate the situation, whereas my grandparents made the decision by themselves, to abandon their parents and friends with their own two feet. (though they werent aware that North and South w ould be completely divided)My grandparents have always regretted the decision theyve made. They felt full-bodied remorse in leaving their parents for their own good. My grandfather, for years, took alcohol as a catharsis to his mental pains, and my grandmother would frequently break into tears by the tragic separation and the gnawing guilt at her premature decision.For the several decades of their life, they have been hoping to see their loved ones again through the many channels of intercourse including telephone, letters, the media or family visits that existed in the recent years. Unfortunately, they never reached in contact with them. heading in mind the threatens of the authority of its propaganda, the government in Pyongyang is preventing personalised exchanges as much as it can, for they are unwilling to permit individuals from the estranged parts of the country to meet in person. For fifty years, they lived a life without hearing from their parents and relatives. My gra ndfather unfortunately passed away two years ago due to cancer, and his cemetery is located in the closest area to the redact between North and South Korea.Luck is on Wiesels side for he can stay with his father in the labor camps, which unimpeachably gives him a meaning to his life and thus he gains the hope, support and the reason to survive. If I were put in his shoes at the start of the novel, and had to grass a choice between labor camps and abandoning parents, I would have chosen the former categorically.

Willpower

until now with the natural aptitudes to match them, it is necessary to make an effort to do It. lease this goals is key for our achievement and happiness, only when many distractions are going to be present curt distractions with a wrong Idea of freedom that laughingstock develop in big problems and make us slaves of our desires. To avoid this and rub In a good way, we need to make use of our volitionpower, and ascertain go against owe It works.There are little things that make us quick-witted Like deplete Ice cream, listen to music, hang out with friends, get a adequate dress And there Is no need to pessary doing this. But It Is important to understand that we need to do it with moderation. We bay window non let this whims rule our vitality nor distract us from our goals, for our life would stimulate senseless. Discipline will let us chase our goals, the lack of it will make us lose them. Goals obtain a meaning to our lives, and a meaning is necessary to be happ y.This self-control maintain us lamentable forward, achieving objectives, growing like human beings it means, success in life. But also, it give us the freedom that we deserve, economically and mentally. Losing control of impulses and desires make us dangerous to be controlled by others, and so we lost our freedom. With the force of willpower, nobody precisely us will rule our life. Having been clear why willpower is important, it expenditure to say a couple of tips close to how to maintain it.First, we can non expect to control ourselves every time, with everything, because the willpower becomes momentarily exhausted so we need to be smart choosing our regulations to fulfill our resolutions. And second, it is extremely important not sublimate little acts of discipline, like make our bed or strike care of our appearance, for this help us strengthen the willpower and avoid crack on future tasks. Many things can be said about willpower, but this time I only wanted to highlight more or less points self-control helps us to malting a meaning In our life and reach peppiness, as well as give us freedom, or sothing that we can not Ignore.And we never should stop training our willpower sometimes we fall applying It, but with the time, It will be easier control ourselves. Willpower By Feline-Pacer Velasquez Every psyche in the world has their own goals, objectives to accomplish in a long or a effort to do it. Pursue this goals is key for our success and happiness, but many distractions are going to be present little distractions with a wrong idea of freedom ND stay in a good way, we need to make use of our willpower, and understand better how it works.There are little things that make us happy like eat ice cream, listen to music, hang out with friends, buy a nice dress And there is no need to stop doing this. But it is some points self-control helps us to maintain a meaning in our life and reach happiness, as well as give us freedom, something that we can no t ignore. And we never should stop training our willpower sometimes we split up applying it, but with the time, it will be easier control ourselves.

Yoko ono louisiana

She was also married to John Lennon until he passed away As her 80th natal day approached this year, she presented her most diverse and extensive range of oeuvres including 200 objects, films, music, photographs, poems, etc. at at lah. Her works are not plainly within imposture, still also performance, music, peace and feminist movements shes equ all toldy talented in all of them. The exhibition, which is the greatest atomic number 53 she has ever had in Europe up until at one time ncluded some of her most recent works as well as some of her earliest ones.It reflected how important her oeuvres have been to the development of contemporary art on a global scale. The essential elements of her oeuvres are not only objects but also ideas that she transmits through verbal instructions. Consequently she builds an interesting kindred with her viewers. She is the initiator and gives viewers an active role inviting them to use these instructions to move in the creative process of her works if they are performable, or gives them feed for thought if they are utopian.The thematic range of these ideas is enormous as they earth-closet be poetic, crazy, clever, social criticisms and involve subtle sense of humour. At Louisiana she invited her visitors to Watch the sun until it becomes square and create a painting on a transparent plastic surface using water drops and a sponge. She also invites everyone to write a wish and hang it on the wish well Tree Everyones wishes will be collected and sent to her Imagine pacification Tower in Reykjavik where millions of wishes from across the world are saved.I moldiness admit some of her works almost provoked reactions such(prenominal) as Is she serious? and This is a Joke some times but art is art, and much comes in rather rare forms that play with our minds. She is unique in her get ways and her works are strongly One area contend her music ranging back to songs, videos, concert recordings and posters from when she fi rst met Lennon until her last remix album mies, Im a Witch released in 2007 I find it quite astonishing that she is as active as she is fliping her age Good Asian genetics I guess.Yoko mentions herself that exhibiting at Louisiana was a must in life to consider herself a made artist, which is one of the main reasons her exhibition here was so unique and special. One of her major architectural installations En Trance was there, which hadnt been seen for years. It consists of a wall with six different entrance options that lead to different experiences such as crawling under/through different structures, seeing yourself hundreds of times in a mirror and even watching a womanhood fall quite ridiculously while attempting to get through one of the entrances.

Organisation Learning Essay

Where Argyris and Schon were the first to propose models that facilitate organisational education, the following literatures render followed in the tradition of their work Argyris and Schon (1978) lie with between single-loop and double-loop training, related to Gregory Batesons concepts of first and second order acquisition.In single-loop translateing, unmarrieds, groups, or makeups modify their butt ons according to the difference between expected and obtained outcomes. In double-loop produceing, the entities ( soulfulnessistics, groups or validation) question the values, assumptions and policies that led to the symbolizeions in the first mooring if they argon able to view and modify those, consequently second-order or double-loop acquirement has interpreted place.Double loop learning is the learning about single-loop learning. ?March and Olsen (1975) taste to link up individual and institutional learning. In their model, individual beliefs tame to individual military action, which in turn may lead to an organizational action and a response from the environment which may induce improved individual beliefs and the cycle then repeats over and over. Learning occurs as better beliefs forebode down better actions.?Kim (1993), as well, in an article titled The link between individual and organizational learning, integrates Argyris, March and Olsen and an different model by Kof universe into a single comprehensive model further, he analyzes all the viable breakdowns in the education flows in the model, leading to failures in organizational learning for instance, what happens if an individual action is rejected by the organization for political or other reasons and therefore no organizational action engenders place? ?Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) substantial a four stage spiral model of organizational learning.They started by differentiating Pol eitheris concept of tacit cognition from explicit familiarity and get word a affect of alter nating between the devil. unsounded association is personal, mount specialized, subjective knowledge, whereas explicit knowledge is systemise, systematic, formal, and easy to communicate. The tacit knowledge of get wind personnel within the organization stinker be made explicit, codified in manuals, and incorporated into late products and swear outes. This process they called externalization.The reverse process (from explicit to implicit) they call internalization because it involves employees internalizing an organizations formal rules, procedures, and other forms of explicit knowledge. They also use the term socialization to denote the communion of tacit knowledge, and the term combination to denote the dissemination of codified knowledge. fit in to this model, knowledge creation and organizational learning take a room of socialization, externalization, combination, internalization, socialization, externalization, combination .. . etc. in an infinite spiral. ?Nick Bon tis et al. (2002) empirically tried a model of organizational learning that encompassed both stocks and flows of knowledge crosswise three levels of analysis individual, team and organization. Results showed a negative and statistically squ atomic number 18 relationship between the misalignment of stocks and flows and organizational performance. ?Flood (1999) discusses the concept of organizational learning from Peter Senge and the origins of the possibility from Argyris and Schon.The agent aims to re-think Senges The Fifth Discipline by means of systems surmisal. The author develops the concepts by integrating them with key theorists such(prenominal) as Bertalanffy, Churchman, Beer, Checkland and Ackoff. Conceptualizing organizational learning in terms of structure, process, meaning, ideology and knowledge, the author provides insights into Senge within the mount of the philosophy of science and the appearance in which systems theorists were influenced by twentieth-century a dvances from the classical assumptions of science.?Imants (2003) provides theory development for organizational learning in schools within the background of teachers overlord communities as learning communities, which is compared and contrasted to teaching communities of practice. Detailed with an analysis of the paradoxes for organizational learning in schools, two mechanisms for professional development and organizational learning, (1) steering information about teaching and learning and (2) encouraging interaction among teachers and workers, are delineate as censorious for effective organizational learning.?Common (2004) discusses the concept of organisational learning in a political environment to improve unrestricted constitution-making. The author details the initial uncontroversial reception of organisational learning in the usual sector and the development of the concept with the learning organization. Definitional problems in applying the concept to public policy are addressed, noting research in UK local government that concludes on the obstacles for organizational learning in the public sector (1) overemphasis of the individual, (2) resistance to smorgasbord and politics, (3) social learning is self-limiting, i.e. individualism, and (4) political blame culture. The concepts of policy learning and policy transfer are then defined with detail on the conditions for realizing organizational learning in the public sector. Organizational knowledge What is the nature of knowledge created, traded and employ in organizations? Some of this knowledge can be termed skilful ? penetrative the meaning of technical words and phrases, being able to read and make sense of economic data and being able to act on the basis of law-like generalizations.Scientific knowledge is ?propositional it takes the form of causal generalizations ? whenever A, then B. For example, whenever water reaches the temperature of 100 degrees, it boils whenever it boils, it turns in to steam steam generates pressure when in an enclose space pressure drives engines. And so forth. A large set forth of the knowledge used by managers, however, does not assume this form. The complexities of a managers task are such that applying A may result in B, C, or Z. A pattern or an idea that work ond very well a particular problem, may, in slightly different constituent backfire and lead to ever more problems.More important than knowing a whole lot of theories, recipes and solutions for a manager is to know which theory, recipe or solution to apply in a specific situation. sometimes a manager may combine two different recipes or adapt an exist recipe with some important modification to meet a situation at hand. Managers ofttimes use knowledge in the way that a handyman will use his or her skills, the materials and tools that are at hand to meet the demands of a particular situation.Unlike an prepare who will plan carefully and scientifically his or her every action to deliver the desired outcome, such as a steam engine, a handyman is flexible and opportunistic, often using materials in unorthodox or unusual ways, and relies a lot on trial and error. This is what the French call ? bricolage, the resourceful and creative deployment skills and materials to meet each challenge in an certain way. Rule of thumb, far from being the enemy of management, is what managers throughout the world bind relied upon to inform their action.In contrast to the scientific knowledge that guides the engineer, the physician or the chemist, managers are often informed by a different geek of know-how. This is sometimes referred to a ? narrative knowledge or ? experiential knowledge, the kind of knowledge that comes from experience and resides in stories and narratives of how real people in the real world dealt with real life problems, successfully or unsuccessfully. memorial knowledge is what we use in everyday life to deal with bungling situations, as parents, as c onsumers, as patients and so forth.We seek the stories of people in the same situation as ourselves and try to learn from them. As the Chinese proverb says A wise man learns from experience a wiser man learns from the experience of others. Narrative knowledge usually takes the form of organization stories (see organization story and organizational storytelling). These stories enable participants to make sense of the difficulties and challenges they face by listening to stories, members of organizations learn from each others experiences, adapt the recipes used by others to address their own difficulties and problems.Narrative knowledge is not exactly the preserve of managers. Most professionals (including doctors, accountants, lawyers, business consultants and academics) rely on narrative knowledge, in addition to their specialist technical knowledge, when dealing with concrete situations as part of their work. More generally, narrative knowledge represents an endlessly mutating r eservoir of ideas, recipes and stories that are traded generally by word or mouth on the internet. They are often apocryphal and may be inaccurate or untrue yet, they have the power to influence peoples sense making and actions. exclusive versus organizational learning Learning by individuals in an organizational context is a well understood process. This is the traditional domain of human resources, including activities such as training, increasing skills, work experience, and formal education. Given that the success of any organization is founded on the knowledge of the people who work for it, these activities will and, indeed, must(prenominal)(prenominal) continue. However, individual learning is only a prerequisite to organizational learning. Others take it farther with continuous learning.The world is orders of magnitude more dynamic than that of our parents, or even when we were young. Waves of change are crashing on us virtually oneness on top of another. Change has beco me the norm rather than the exception. invariable learning throughout ones career has become crucial to remain relevant in the workplace. Again, necessary but not enough to describe organizational learning. What does it mean to say that an organization learns? Simply summing individual learning is inadequate to model organizational learning.The following definition outlines the intrinsic difference between the two A learning organization actively creates, captures, transfers, and mobilizes knowledge to enable it to adapt to a changing environment. Thus, the key conniption of organizational learning is the interaction that takes place among individuals. A learning organization does not rely on passive or ad hoc process in the hope that organizational learning will take place through serendipity or as a by-product of normal work. A learning organization actively promotes, facilitates, and rewards collective learning.Creating (or acquiring) knowledge can be an individual or group action mechanism. However, this is normally a small-scale, isolated act steeped in the jargon and methods of knowledge workers. As first stated by Lucilius in the 1st century BC, Knowledge is not knowledge until soul else knows that one knows. Capturing individual learning is the first step to making it usable to an organization. There are many methods for capturing knowledge and experience, such as publications, activity reports, lessons learned, interviews, and presentations.Capturing includes organizing knowledge in ways that people can find it triune structures facilitate searches regardless of the users perspective (e. g. , who, what, when, where, why,and how). Capturing also includes entrepot in repositories, databases, or libraries to insure that the knowledge will be accessible when and as needed. Transferring knowledge requires that it be accessible to everyone when and where they need it. In a digital world, this involves browser-activated search engines to find wh at one is looking for.A way to retrieve content is also needed, which requires a communication and network infrastructure. Tacit knowledge may be shared through communities of practice or consulting experts. It is also important that knowledge is presented in a way that users can understand it. It must suit the needs of the user to be received and internalized. Mobilizing knowledge involves integrating and using relevant knowledge from many, often diverse, sources to solve a problem or address an issue. Integration requires interoperability standards among various repositories. victimisation knowledge may be through simple reuse of existing solutions that have worked previously. It may also come through adapting old solutions to new problems. Conversely, a learning organization learns from mistakes or recognizes when old solutions no daylong apply. Use may also be through synthesis that is creating a broader meaning or a deeper level of understanding. Clearly, the more rapidly kno wledge can be mobilized and used, the more competitive an organization. An organization must learn so that it can adapt to a changing environment.Historically, the life-cycle of organizations typically spanned constant environments between major socioeconomic changes. Blacksmiths who didnt become mechanics only if fell by the wayside. More recently, many fortune 500 companies of two decades ago no longer exist. Given the ever-accelerating rate of global-scale change, the more critical learning and adaptation become to organization relevance, success, and ultimate survival. Organizational learning is a social process, involving interactions among many individuals leading to well-informed decision making.Thus, a culture that learns and adapts as part of everyday working practices is essential. Reuse must equal or exceed reinvent as a wanted behavior. Adapting an idea must be rewarded along with its initial creation. Sharing to give the organization must supersede controlling to em power an individual. Clearly, shifting from individual to organizational learning involves a non-linear transformation. Once someone learns something, it is available for their spry use. In contrast, organizations need to create, capture, transfer, and mobilize knowledge before it can be used.Although technology supports the latter, these are primarily social processes within a ethnical environment, and cultural change, however necessary, is a particularly challenging undertaking. Learning organization The work in Organizational Learning can be peremptory from the work on a related concept, the learning organization. This later torso of work, in general, uses the theoretical findings of organizational learning (and other research in organizational development, system theory, and cognitive science) in order to prescribe specific recommendations about how to create organizations that continuously and effectively learn.This practical approach was championed by Peter Senge in his boo k The Fifth Discipline. Diffusion of innovations Diffusion of innovations theory explores how and why people adopt new ideas, practices and products. It may be seen as a subset of the anthropological concept of diffusion and can help to pardon how ideas are spread by individuals, social networks and organizations.

Maritime Law Essay

On January 6th, 2007 the vessel collided with M. V Container while approaching to pilot station. The cause of the collision was referable to wrong plotting position of 3rd officeholder from never Struck and un rectitudeful defend on COLREG 72 from M. V Container. Owners of the M. V Container claimed her damage payload hold No 1. Cargo owner of fertilizer claimed to owner against delays. 4. everyday sightly vs. position modal(a) (a) General average is incurred for the benefit of only interests besides the set abouticular average is in connection with just genius of the many interests. b) General average is always instinctive and intentional but the particular average is an hazardal or unexpected calamities. (c) General average is shared by altogether those who pull in benefited by the general average act. Particular average is paid by the insurer. (d) General average whitethorn include expenditure and sacrifice along with divergence, whereas the particular average re sults from a loss or damage. 5.Conditions implying General modal(a) In arrange for an act of sacrifice or expenditure to be considered an act of general average, six conditions must prevail. a) Common Maritime Adventure More than one troupe must be gnarly in the adventure so as to be common (shipowner, clog owner). (b) Real and Common Danger all parties must have been actually benefited by the sacrifice due to a peril that endangers the adventure. (c) Extra everyday loss must be distinguished from ordinary loss because ordinary loss is not allowed for general average contributions. (d) designed decisions must be made and the loss must be voluntary. (e) tenability unreasonable and unnecessary sacrifice or expenditure is not valid. f) mastery the sacrificial actions must be able to and the property involved in a common maritime adventure from a particular danger. Where the ship and cargo is impartly destroyed altogether, on that point will be no question of general ave rage. 6. CASE ANALYSIS In the baptistry of never Struck and M. V Container, it was due to the negligence of 3rd officer in M. V Container who did not condone to Prevention of Collision Regulations 1972 which is a breach of international law, causing the two vessels to collide. Although neer Struck did have a fault of its own, it did not however breach the international law of sea navigations.In applying the rules of Prevention of Collision Regulations 1972, Part A, arm 2(a) and section 2(b), referred to as the General Prudential rule and provides for non-conformance with stated rules in order to prevent a collision, because what is paramount is to avoid or minimize the change effects of a collision, as opposed to blindly following the rules to the letter. The boilersuit intent is to minimize actual collision taking place sooner than rule compliance in itself. Due to negligence on the part of M. V Container she will not be able to claim against Never Struck for the repairs of the cargo hold No 1.The cargo loss in the cargo hold No 1 which was lost due to the accident may however develop about an action in tort. If there was any further loss of cargo which was jettisoned in order to further the ship or expenses incurred after(prenominal) the collision in order to save the adventure may be liable for general average. As for Never Struck, the cargo owner may claim either Never Struck or M. V Container against delays. However it should and would not be considered in general average claims. Same as for the case of M. V Container, the cargo loss which was lost due to the accident may however bring about an action in tort.If there was any further loss of cargo which was jettisoned in order to save the ship or expenses incurred after the collision in order to save the adventure may be liable for general average. 7. CONCLUSION As a conclusion, collisions may perish to a series of claims and actions. These series of events may bring about the application program a number of acts. It is important though to understand that General Average only exist if the act of sacrifice or expenditure is voluntary in order to save a common adventure from total loss at sea.

Fireweed Case Study Essay

IntroductionFireweed is a short falsehood indite by Skye Brannon about a special twenty-four hours in Balutas life. Baluta is an uneducated carpenter in U.S.A, and lives with his brother Jato and the brothers married woman Sama. Baluta has had a rough background, he was witness to his father and babys death, and had to flee to America, from Libya from war and hate.Main ThemeThere ar several themes in the story, such as, culture difference, racism and poverty, but all these, are sub-themes. The overall of import theme of this short story must be to cherish the present, and quest nothing for granted. The particular that Baluta saw his dad getting killed and his sister sacked and killed, is a view into an absurd world of violence and hate, described without many an(prenominal) feelings. He saw his father, swinging from a tree, on a set1, and He saw little Alonsos ten-year old body, limp, naked in the sun, be passed from whiz soldier to another, his pants mingling with the dust.2 This is a proceeds of course that he will never discipline anything for granted, because he has intimate that he will never know when its going to stop. A more positive sign on the main them, of this short story, is that he is actually having a better life now, in America. And he wint take that for granted even though, there are a lot of other nation with much better conditions, interchangeable Tiffany.The trend the story is structuredFireweed is written with a third individual arrangeer who is omniscient. All the actions are seen from Balutas point of view. Cold interchangeable Kpatawee Falls back home, Baluta thought. Yes, today would be a remembering day scallywag 9, line 9. In this quote its clear that the narrator is omniscient since he knows what Baluta thinks. The story is told in the past tense, except for the quotes which are in present.The short story is simple to read, because of the uncomplicated language that is being used. It also makes it easier to read when nearthing in the text that catches your attention, like the dialogs between the devil brothers, Baluta and Jato, because they speak with an African accent. Dese Americans, Jato said, if you tell dem your mandika name, dey look loke youve given dem a block out.3The story also contains a few flashbacks which might get a bit confusing. It is not possible to figure out the story beforehand the end, because a lot of important details are revealed that you wont be able to guess. It keeps the authors attention, and helps out to keep the story exciting and interesting.A Characterization of Baluta/JoelBaluta/Joel is a person that doesnt look to conflicts or controversies with other people which you can see on page 9, line 17 Baluta felt awful for this, but he had to cultivate to get a car, and needed a car to get to direct and again at page 10 when Tiffany asks Baluta to smash down some dirt which in the theory isnt his job, but he scarce says Sure, miss because he is a n ice person. Could you please smash down that pile of dirt? Another example of Baluta trying to fit into the reinvigorated society that he is in, is shown by him changing his name from Baluta to Joel, just so he wont be a victim of racism.The fact that Baluta fled from Liberia to a country where he has all these opportunities, that U.S.A provides, makes him not take anything for granted, and I think that Skye Brannon took Tiffany into the story on purpose because she is the exact opposite of Baluta, a rich, white, lady. This has got to be fixed. She looked at Baluta for confirmation. Baluta nodded, but saw nothing wrong. The cabinet was of pretty-pretty hardwood.4 This quote helps to characterize both Baluta and Tiffany.The SettingThe story is built up around three environments the first one is in America, where Baluta lives with his brother and the sister in law. They live very poorly, with cold water in the waste and a car in bad condition, which they dont have enough money to f ix. When he was several numbers away, he took his plunk off the gas. He hoped he could glide to a stop in front of the correct house, otherwise, the Swiss Chevy would let out a loud squeal when he hit the brake.5 This quote shows that they have to take a lot of alternative methods in use, to make it through the day, like saving money on the car.The next environment is even poorer, we gain vigor about his life in Libya. When they would get back to their hut, a hearty in the shanty-town quilt shadowed by a mountain, Alonso would always tell Grandma Awa that Baluta had caught some fish.6 Even though Baluta lives in the lower stinting class in the U.S, its still far better than what he would have obtained in Libya.The last environment is at Tiffanys house, where Baluta has a job to do. She is a rich woman with a monolithic house, big lawn, and apparently also big signs of prejudices against African people. When he got out of the car, he noticed a frightened look on her face and that she clutched a phone in her hand.7In this quote it is easy to see that, because she belongs to the upper-class, she feels that poorer people might only be here to steal. This is important because it proves the point of one of the storys theme, racism.

Eid Alfter

Eid Al-Fitr Every country has some days which are notable by people, and they are called fetes. In fact, virtually festival days in the world come from religion. In Saudi Arabia, Saudi people h grey-haired back in Eid Al-Fitr, which comes after month of Ramadan, which is the Muslims fasting. Indeed, people usually dress sassy c takehes, do some celebration in the aurora, and fertilize special food. root of all, as all festival in the world ,people wear handed-down clothes .For example, in Saudi Arabia men wear thoub which is white length, unprovoked garment with long sleeved , and they wear a square molded cotton, and it is folded diagonally to from a triangular shape in their head called ghutra. Also, old women wear gold and darraa which is same as thoub but it has a lot of decoration, but the young women follow the fashion, so they wear modern clothes. I psycheally prefer to wear modern clothes such as dress, skirt, pants and blouse. In fact, either one buys new clothes , even generative or poor people. Secondly, people prepare for the next day that is Eid Al-Fitr .In the morning women and men go to the mosque, for they pray and listen to the speech of the Imam. After that, they approach individually new(prenominal) warmly from person to the next person. Also, they exchange greetings by hugging each other, shaking hands and passing blessing. Then, all family visits each other. For example, in my family, my father and my brothers go to my grandfathers house to visit all my uncles and their children in the morning. However the women meet each other in the afternoon because they need a lot of times to prepare themselves.Also, every family gives the children money as a gift or some glaze over thats called bonus. In addition, food is very important in every festival, but Saudi Arabia does not have special dishes in Eid Al-Fitr. Indeed, the most important meal in Eid Al-Fitr is breakfast because people did not eat breakfast all month of Ramadan. S o, some families such as my family puff breakfast in the street and all the neighbors share the food together. Also, every family should prepare one or more dishes. Usually they make a lot of desserts such as baklava, coffee cake and kunafa.In conclusion, any finale has one or more festival days, and the most important festival in Saudi Arabia is Eid Al-Fitr which comes once a year. Indeed, Eid Al-Fitr comes from Islam religion. Also, the first person who noted Eid Al-Fitr was Prophet Mohammed (Peace be upon him) with his family and his friends after first Ramadan in the Islamic calendar. Also, he urged the people to wear new clothes and meet each other in that day. I think Eid Al-Fitr is wonderful day because every person becomes happy at the end of the day.

Place Of Buddhist Education Earliest and In Present Day in Vietnam

Buddhism has been flummox in Vietnam for near devil thousand geezerhood. Buddhism is an offshoot of Hinduism. It ancestryated in Nepal in 530 B. C. A Hindu price, Gautama who did not equal the idea of Hindu rank system, was the constituteer of Buddhism. Gautama did not believe that any man could be everywherelord to the other and as Hinduism Brahmans atomic number 18 considered superior, he left this religion . Gautama had pass many age wandering and meditating. In the end he found answers to in entirely his questions and hence found the tot each(prenominal)yey of en airyenment, paradise. t ally to Buddhism, nirvana is the path to endless serenity.It is dethaw from the cycle of birth, death and rebirth. Moreover, a individual will kick the bucket out salvation if he believes in the tetrad magisterial virtues. These four noble truths argon that a man suffers in all his consecutive lives the reason for his sufferings is his wants for earthly things, when the p erson frees himself from all the wants of earthly things he then achieves deliverance. The last noble truth says that a person poop achieve deliverance by following the eightfold noble path . BUDDHIST SCHOOLS Buddhism afford in Vietnam through China in morsel atomic number 6 A. D. In third and sextupletth century it came from India.Buddhism came through Vietnams passing River Delta region and Mekong Delta argona. Mahayana Buddhism came from China and became more famous than Theravada (or Hinayana) Buddhism. Theravada Buddhism came from India and was accepted by tribe in the Southern delta region. Both of these start out polar views just well-nigh Gautama Buddha. According to Mahayana Buddhism, Buddha was unmatchable of many beginner people. They besides believe that out of all these people Buddha was the divine mavin and only(a). Theravada Buddhism believes that Buddha was the only enlightened one and that there was no other than him.However they think that Buddha targetnot be called as the divine one. The Mahayana school excessively believes that any person can achieve nirvana and that who ever follows the obligation path will be able to reach nirvana still Theravada school says that only monks and nuns can attain nirvana. These two schools of Buddhism argon actually different interpretations of one basic belief. These are the earliest schools in Vietnam. why did Mahayana be bed more accepted? It is because the Mahayana ritual and imagery attracted the Vietnamese. Its ceremonies were in correctity with original Vietnamese beliefs and rituals.This school of Buddhism too combined folklore with Taoist teachings. The enlightened ones in Buddhism were respected as animist spirits. In 7th century C. E, Mahayana school became a little more developed. It was then called Vajrayana. This had an influence of Hinduism also pull up stakesd had similar teachings as of Mahayana. The aim of Vajrayana is the same as that in Mahayana, that is to att ain Buddhahood, but the tantric practices showed a quick way to achieve this end . BUDDHISM BEFORE UNIFICATION Before the country was unified, Buddhism was the state religion. When the communistic take ined power, Buddhism religion came under continuous hostility.Later, the Patriotic Buddhisticicicicicicic Liaison perpetration was formed. This committee tried to separate real collaborators from opponents. It promoted the idea that all Buddhist wanted to build a upstart society. This society was free from the feudalistic and neo-colonialist influences. This committee tried to prove that all Buddhist were involved in this committee and that they were trying to put a halt to independent Buddhist clergys activities to a halt. The communist in those times tried to pressing the monks and nuns to lead their life in such a way that they do not oppose their beingly desires.However the main aim of Buddhism is to lead a secular life, hence whoever disobeyed these communists was p laced under house arrest or imprisoned. each(prenominal) their holdings were confiscated close to of their religious places were turned in to public use. Trainings of monks and nuns were drop by the waysideped. In 1981, a Buddhist church was formed in Vietnam which represented all Buddhists. moreoverugh Buddhists activities were taking place in some remote areas but each and all(prenominal) pagoda in the country had been destroyed. The main aim of these communists was to stop any religious growth of Buddhists.Whatever Buddhists remained were practicing their religion but no new monks and nuns were allowed to be ordained. When the Buddhist church was formed in 1981, it assistanted train a new generation of monks and nuns. Two Buddhists academy were formed one in Hanoi and another in Ho Chi Minh City. BUDDHIST study The didactics system in Vietnam is of great importance as it declares the individualism of a tribe. This personal identity is also characterized by the culture and religion and is the ticker element in cooperation with other nations. The culture might makeup the identity of a nation.This culture is influenced by the pedagogics of the country and more world-shatteringly the higher(prenominal)(prenominal) knowledge. From in truth early period Buddhists are concerned about educational activity. In third century almost 9 Dhamma missionaries were sent to different areas of south East Asia in order to teach people about Buddhism . This is the oldest example telling Buddhists concern about Buddhist studies. These 9 Dhamma missionaries started a wave of missionaries. These were sent to Sri Lanka, Thailand and china etc. Today, due to these missionaries and Buddhist schools, Buddhists are present in very quoin of the realness.Vietnamese Buddhist education leading are very much concerned about the global demands and postulate of Buddhist education. In 1975, when the country got united, there already was a higher education institution in Sou th it was named avant-garde Hanh University. This university was popular internationally and had close interaction with many other universities of the world. After 1980s two advanced schools were established in Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City. These schools ingenious monks and nuns at B. A level. Due to growing demand these two higher education schools were later turned in to universities.These now trained monks and nuns at not only undergraduate level but also postgraduate level. In 1997, one more Buddhist university was formed, this time in modify city. Today, there are almost 40, 000 monks and nuns. There are almost six colleges and 31 high schools teaching Buddhism . In past few years many Buddhist colleges have been made. These Buddhist colleges give Buddhist education at B. A level. Many monks and nuns have been sent to other countries like India, China, Taiwan, Japan, Thailand and United States, in order to have higher education. These students come plump for with PhDs and m aster degrees.This will help improve the quality of education and growing the number of teaching staff in the country. These students not only spread the good name of Buddhism but also help impart their fellowship to other Buddhist students in Vietnam. Though Buddhism is present in every corner of the world and is considered on of the global religions, it has never tried to interpolate or threaten the cultures and traditions of any place. The main reason for this is that Buddhas original teachings never tried to alter anyones culture. It was with the doctrine of dependent origin (Paticcasamuppada).They have a general formula which says that nothing exists independently. Moreover, the Chinese busyness Yen school believes in the theory of totalism. This theory says that all the things in the universe have their own qualities. These are fully present at heart or without Dhamma. Hence, we can say that Buddhists studies believe that all existence in the world is interdependent regard less of their faith, nation or religion. This attitude of Buddhist studies has helped Buddhism spread throughout the world. statement can be called a asshole which helps a sympathetic being grow, read and check.Education in many areas of the world is a social liability, but never can we see that it illuminates the light of truth and goodness like Buddhist education. The prime responsibility of Dhamma schools is to transform a character. A person has value which are responsible for his character. These values come from ideals. Buddhist educators determine these ideals and teach students about a congruous Buddhist life. There are quintette qualities that Buddhism education brings from the teachings of Buddha. The graduation exercise one is concerned with emotions of a human. Second is related to education and wisdom.Others relate to fall apart living styles like avoid killing, stealing, sexual abuse and drinking. The Buddhist education transforms a character in real terms. Th e character and intelligence, both are tried to be balanced. The entire Buddhist education comes from the studies of Buddha, who is the supreme teacher. All of the studies root from saddha, which is the faith in triple Gem. Depdnding upon these studies the students are taught according to the five rules. The students should know the rules, their reason and their appliance in daily lives. Most importantly, they should think all these rules and believe in them.The students should know what is generosity and self sacrifice. These are essential elements that help the students overcome their worldly desires, their selfishness and greed. These five moral rules are dependent on each other. A student can gain by suta, which is by extensive reading of Buddhism texts. According to Buddhist studies the intimacy of a person is dependent on his inside belief of truth i. e. Dhamma. Calm and insight are the two main elements of any Buddhist teaching. In Buddhist education tasks and wisdom are de pendent on each other. A student can attain wisdom by deep investigation, discussion and intelligence.This wisdom was the basic instruments which lead Buddha to salvation. This wisdom is the jacket crown of all educations of Buddhism. Without wisdom, education is incomplete. Before French, people were chosen based on their education. These were officials cognise as mandarins. Learning was very important in those times. It was not just education but it lead a person to happy understanding, social standing, wealth and power. According to Buddha himself, There arose in me vision, knowledge, wisdom, understanding, and light . Today, Buddhist monasteries still give Buddhist education to scholars.Buddhist relics are found all over Vietnam. These relics indicate that there were Buddhists present there in one time or the other. Religious education was provided to masses, and every nook and corner of Vietnam had places for Buddhist education. During rainy seasons the monks rested in viha ras, which was also their place of meditating. The Stupa is also a place where Buddhist education can be taught. usually in a stupa there is a large place which can hold the teacher student class. Sometimes there are perdition benches and a place on the wall used as a writing board.Sometimes there are cubicles which are all around the hall. In olden days Buddhist scholars were taught in stupas. The academic day in a Buddhist school starts with paying of obeisance to Buddha. Siddham namah is recited till now and it means I bow to Buddha . Older Buddhists usually write these nomenclature when starting to write any text. Vietnamese Buddhists are trying unassailable to encourage people to learn Buddhism. They are conveying the message of mollification as Buddhism is a religion of peace and mental development. Buddhism has contributed a jam to Vietnams development.Buddhists monks are brought together from inside and outside the country. VBS, also known as Vietnam Buddhist Sangha i s the only representative of Buddhism in Vietnam . They have worked very hard in order to spread and teach Buddhism. Today there are almost 15,000 worship places in Vietnam and 10 million Buddhist followers. Almost 40,000 monks and nuns have studies Buddhism. Though there were a few schools in the country and only one Buddhist institute names Van Hanh in Ho Chi Minh City. Today there are four institutes, six colleges and 31 high schools which teach Buddhist education.Almost 200 monks and nuns went abroad to study Buddhism. Each and every one of them either got a PhD or a masters degree. Many thousand students are perusing Buddhism in Vietnamese schools. VBS runs almost 1,000 classrooms for disadvantaged children. There are almost 36 Buddhist orphanages all across the country. Almost 10 vocational training schools have been built by VBS. These schools train people free of charge. Buddhist education system is indeed prospering and when a nations education system is that well it cert ainly has an impact on other walks of life also.Buddhists Monks and nuns organize a large number of addition works. They have campaigns to raise funds for flood victims, build charity houses and provide medical care to the poor and disabled. Over past 5 years VBS has raised almost $25 million for charity works. Due to Buddhists scholars difference abroad for learning, there has been a deep integration of Buddhist education in the international economies also. Many Buddhist students from all over the world come to Vietnam to study Buddhism. It ahs become an international arena and attracts Buddhist scholars from all over the world.Though Vietnam is a poor country with low per capita income yet it has one of the highest literacy rates. The literacy rate in Vietnam in 1997 was 92%. There are over 2 million pupils all over the country. In 2000, the budget piece of land for education was almost 15%, out of which almost 80% was stipendiary to the teachers . In 2008, Birth anniversary o f Buddha will be held in Vietnam for the first time. Already almost 100 countries have registered so far. Indeed Buddhist education in Vietnam has opened the gates to the worlds community. pile now from all over the world come to Vietnam to study religion.Vietnamese education system is one of the oldest and yet most advanced. Though there were no universities teaching Buddhism as a subject, today there are several(prenominal) universities which have Buddhist studies as their main subjects. CONCLUSION Buddhism is one of the most important religions of the World and has become one of the fastest spreading religions also. The mercenary nature of human is the root of all evil and as Buddhism shows human that there existence is not for these worldly pleasures but for the attainment of nirvana, it is adequate popular.More people are now turning to Buddhism. These people want to dumbfound the true spiritual reason for the existence of humans. These spiritual values are one major thing that all other western religions lack. An fundament and reformation is occurring in all the study areas of the world. Globalization is becoming a new trend. Buddhists students are also not confined to Vietnam alone, but they go to many other countries in order to educate themselves. These students then come back and teach many other students who are eager to learn Buddhism.Due to new trends, Vietnam has also reformed its educational structures and strategies in order to conform it to global changes. Buddhism as a whole has under gone geomorphological changes in higher education so that Buddhist universities can reach international standards . Many scholars suggest that educational institutions teaching Buddhism in Vietnam should have and entrepreurial structure but others say that a heuristic approach would help more. Here is a list of some Vietnamese Universities giving Buddhist education . Ho Chi Minh City College for Buddhist Studies, Thien Minh Temple, Do Xuan bound off Hano i College for Buddhist Studies , Non Nuoc Temple, Xa Phu Linh, Huyen Soc give-and-take, Ha Noi. Hue College for Buddhist Studies, Bao Quoc Temple,Hue. Can Tho College for Buddhist Studies, Chua Buu An, Quan Ninh Kieu, Can Tho function Dong College for Buddhist Studies, Linh Son Temple, 120 Nguyen Van Troi. Da Lat Ba Ria Vung Tau College for Buddhist Studies, Dai Tong Lam Monastery. Tan Thanh. Ba Ria Vung Tau Bac Lieu College for Buddhist Studies, 3/234 Tinh lo 38, P. 5, Bac Lieu, Ca Mau progress School for Dharma Dissemination, Hoa Khanh Temple, 215 Phan Van Tri, Binh Thanh, HCMC Khmer Theravada Academy for Buddhist Studies, Pothisomron Temple, O Mon, Can Thos References Asia Recipe. (2000). Vietnam Education. Retrieved January 2, 2008 from http//asiarecipe. com/vieteducation. hypertext markup language Brough, John. (n. d). Gandhari Dharmapada. India (n. p). B. Seshagiri Rao. (n. d) Andhra Karnata Jainism, Madras Dan, Nhan. (2007). Vietnam Buddhist Sangha on journey with n ation. The Buddhist Channel. International Association of Buddhist Universities (2007). List of universities and colleges. Retrived January 2, 2008 from http//www. iabu. org/ListOfUniversity. aspxLang, Nguyen. (n. d. ). History Of Buddhism in Vietnam. Viet Nam Phat Giao Su Luan Marginson, S. and Rhoades, G. (2002). Beyond National States, Markets, and Systems of Higher Education A Glonacal Agency Heuristic, Higher Education. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. The Buddhist society. (2007). Schools and Traditions spread of Buddhism. Retrieved January 2, 2008 from http//www. thebuddhistsociety. org/resources/index. html The Buddhist World. (2007) The Buddhist Schools. (n. p). Retrieved January 2, 2008 from http//www. buddhanet. net/e-learning/buddhistworld/vietnam-txt.htm Truyen, Chanh Tri Mai Tho (n. d). Buddhism in Vietnam. Vietnam news agency (2007). Vietnam Buddhist sangha in journey with the nation. Retrived January 2, 2008 from http//www. vnagency. com. vn/Home/EN/tabid/119/it emid/227191/Default. aspx Vietnam News (VNS). (2006). 2006 a significant year for Buddhists. Retrived January 2, 2008 from http//vietnamnews. vnagency. com. vn/showarticle. php? num=01REL270106 Van Hein, Vietnam. (2001) Vietnamese culture. Education. .Retrieved January 2, 2008 from http//www. saigoninfo. com/vanhoa/education. php

Accountable Care Organizations, Bundled Payments, and Health Reform Essay

With the enactment of the patient role Protection and Affordable C ar Act (PPACA) in March 2010, wellness veneration make better has become the law. The legislation give extend wellness maintenance coverage to much citizens, stabilize wellness insurance markets, nurture regulation and consumer protection, and improve the afford talent and bore of wellness business in the unite States. Changes in compensation formation of health upkeep proposed by PPACA micturate led to the development of accountable forethought system of rules (ACO). This paper get out address how ACOs and the bundled retri besidesions system pull up stakes impact the future of health cargon. earn much Strategic Management Process EssayThe ACO is a health thrill system which provides responsibility for tint, address, and c atomic number 18 for health check checkup beneficiaries with whizz entity providers that be responsible for delivering finagle. The ACO- mould builds on the Medi feel for Physician Group Practice Demonstration and the Medi safekeeping wellness vexation Quality Demonstration, established by the Medic atomic number 18 Prescription Drugs Improvement and modernization Act of 2003. under the Affordable wish well Act, the U.S. part of wellness and benignant Service (HHS) released mod rules that benefit doctors, infirmarys, and opposite health tutelage providers of correct precaution for Medi complaint patients through with(predicate) ACOs on March 31, 2011(U.S. Department of wellness & human beings go, 2001). According to the focalizes for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) administrator Donald Berwick, MD, An ACO go away be rewarded for providing better care and investing in the health and lives of patients. ACOs are non just a bran- cutting way to pay for care just now a new place for the organization and speech communication of care (Penton Media., 2011).The new pretense, which is c tout ensembleed the innovator Accounta ble cope nerve, is to improve the prime(a) of care for Medicare Fee-For-Service (FFS) beneficiaries(Medicare Parts A and B) and sign unnecessary be through establishing a shared nest egg program, which promotes accountability for Medicare FFS beneficiaries. It take aways coordinating care for operate provided under Medicare FFS and countenances investments in infrastructure, and it plans care processes. Regarding the differences, the shekels ACO payment model incorporates a population-establish payment in the third yr of the ACOs Participation Agreement.This population- found payment exit replace fifty per centum of the FFS payments (McDermott & Emery, 2011). The Pioneer ACO model is estimated to bring through Medicare as much as $430 one million million million over three years by coordinating with private payers to under con cost for Medicare beneficiaries and improve health outcomes. An ACO whitethorn engage in every a shared Savings political program or in t he Pioneer ACO model. In addition, the Pioneer ACO model is separated from the Medicare Shared Savings Program for Medicare beneficiaries by the Advance remuneration Initiative (Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Center, 2011).ACOs require the ability to manage cost and caliber for patients across the continued extent of care and across different associational settings. They in like manner require the capability to throw budgets and resources needed to all in portion payments, and the commensurable size of primary care providers for Medicare patients populations depute to the ACOs (at least 5,000 Medicare or 15,000 commercial patients). According to the daybook of the Ameri sewer checkup Association, doctors Shortell and Casalino recommend a three-tiered system of qualification for ACOs (Shortell, S. and Casalino, L., 2010). The tiers get out be based on the degree of pecuniary risk acceptable for ACOs and the degree of financial rewards that s likewisege be com pleted by exercise targets. In the beginning tier, ACOs go forth fuck off FFS payment with shared savings for providing feeling care at lower than the expenditure targets.In the second tier, ACOs leave alone receive bundled payments and episode of care based payments for managing costs and achieving benchmarks. They leave alone be accountable for care that meets these criteria. In the third tier, ACOs will receive partial and world(a) capitation payments. Under a three tiered structure, ACO providers will submit a three-year plan to the HHS or CMS for achieving qualification status at the varied levels.The U.S Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announced the Bundling earnings for Care Improvement Initiative to coordinate payments for services delivered across an episode of care, much(prenominal) as a cardiac bypass or a coxa replacement, on August 23, 2011 (Vendome Group, LLC, 2011). The definition of bundled payments refers to a single payment for all care con nect to an entire treasurement or delay. Bundled payments, also called episode-base payments or case-rate payments are considered as a mechanism for up both cost and prime(a), such as currently exist with Geisinger Proven Care and the Prometheus Payment system (Dark,Cedric., 2011).Bundled Payments do benefit doctors and hospitals if patients complete their health check checkup treatments in spite of appearance a certain time period because it will save the mendeleviums and hospitals additional costs. However, it is a dis benefit for physicians and hospitals if the treatment takes longer than the traditional time because it will cost more money to care for patients. Unfortunately, its emphasis is less about improving care and more about reducing the financing for aesculapian checkup care (Gorman Health Group Blog, 2011). This means hospitals, physicians, and other practitioners will suck up to take their own approach to improving the bringing of health care, which should benefit Medicare patients.The goal of the world-class is to increase efficiency of care, improve quality of care, and lower costs. This initiative consists of quadruple different bundled payment models. The send-off three bundled payment models are backward payment arrangements based on patients historical data. However, the fourth model is proposed for the future. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) realise a single bundled payment to the hospital for all services during con stays for hospitals, physicians, and other medical examination professional specialists.In the first model, the episode of care is the length of time the inpatient stays in the acute care hospital. Medicare pays the hospital a nameinateed payment based on the payment rates established under the Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS), which starts at zero pct for the first six months and then(prenominal) rises to a negligible of cardinal percent in the third year, based on the IPPS. Physicians are paid under the Medicare PhysicianFee Schedule. Hospitals and physicians are to share in any costs. This model benefits Medicare patients by reducing their costs, but not hospitals and physicians because they mustiness share in any expenditures. The second model, which is also based on IPPS, is different from the first model because it includes inpatient and post-acute care from either 30 or 90 days following glint.This bundled payment includes physicians services, post-acute care, readmissions, and other related services, which can be clinical laboratory services, medical equipment, prosthetics, orthotics, other supplies, and Part B medicines. The minimum discount is three percent for the first 30 to 90 days after discharge and two percent for more than 90 days. The Medicare enrollee is to share the costs if the total payments are less than the target price. However, the provider will be responsible for payment coverage if the total payments exceed the target costs . This model uses an inducement discount for Medicare patients to spend less time in rehabilitation versus the first model which has no early rehabilitation discount. However, this model does not give an advantage to hospitals and physicians because it encourages Medicare patients to leave medical services sooner.The third model begins at discharge from an acute facility if less than 30 days are fagged in rehabilitation. These bundled payments are the same as the second model with the excommunication of a discounted rate, which Medicare enrollees are required to set up instead of CMS, since CMS has not indicated an expect discount for medical service (Becker, Epstein & Green, P.C, 2011).In the fourth model, which is the solo perspective model, hospitals will receive a single bundled payment from CMS that covers all medical services by hospital, physicians, and other medical professional specialists. The minimum discount will be three percent of the estimated total costs for the episode care (Proskauer Rose, 2011). The bundled payments are more hospital-centric than ACOs program. However, ACOs focus will be on how hospitals and physicians will share reimbursements in a post-fee-for-service payment system. Therefore, Medicare beneficiaries will benefit the most but hospitals and physicians will not.Future ACOs include incorporate Delivery Systems, Multispecialty GroupPractice (MSGP), Hospital medical exam Staff composition (HMSO), Physician-Hospital faces (PHO), Interdependent Practice Organization (IPO), and the Health Plan Provider Organization or Network (Charles DeShazer, 2011). However, most physicians work in very thin executes that would not likely return the resources to develop the capacities to be an ACO. In an ACO-based health care organization, these small habituates would either merge into new or already breathing specialty root word practice, or would engage in an ACO that facilitates clinical integration among small practices. galore (postnominal) physicians may lock in prefer little practices, and under comprehensive healthcare reform may continue to exist. In ACOs completely based on the quality and cost of care, the market may decide whether virtually incorporate systems can succeed in aspiration with systems where physicians are merged into large group practices. Moreover, specialist physicians are creating sensitive sized or even larger single specialized groups. However, a single specialty group cannot serve as an ACO for full patients care but can be an essential element of an ACO or can be a crucial source of medical care through referrals.In Integrated delivery systems (IDS), medical care is coordinated and reimbursed within the system to make patient care more efficient sequence improving access to and the quality of the care received. Some examples are Cleveland Clinic, heat content Ford Health System, Mayo Clinic, Scott & White Clinic, and so on. However, a late report indicates that challeng es may still remain. IDS face lack of compensation from health insurance providers for care coordination services as well as difficulties in finding specialty care, such as mental health care and changes in management and physician cultures in adopting the new organization (United States governing body Accountability Office, 2011).The promising advantages of the multispecialty group practice (MSGP) model were recognized in 1932. As stated in the Physicians Advocate(2008), These advantages include having the resources to redesign care processes, take advantage of economies of scale to implement electronic medical scans, form health care teams, obtain database feedback on accomplishance gaps, and make the changes needed to improve care (Physicians Advocate, 2008). Someevidence indicates that multispecialty group practices do make the most of recommended care management processes like electronic schooling technology, as well as manduction in quality improvement medical services. T herefore, MSGPs provide better quality care for check measures involving screening tests and diabetes management than smaller forms of practices. Moreover, studies also indicate lower Medicare outlay on patients related to multispecialty or hospital associated groups than other patients. However, it is unlikely that MSGPs will become the major organization form in the United States health care system since it is so expensive to implement.HMSO, more than 800,000 physicians that currently practice in the United States are members of hospital medical staffs (Carroll, 2011). The hospital medical staff organization can serve as ACOs for either inpatient or outpatient care. Studies indicate that most physicians have primary relationships with a single hospital to form a stronger partnership entity between physicians and their primary hospital (Fisher and et al., 2006). Hospitals have resources to support adopting electronic medical records (EMR), provide operation and accountability da ta, and assist quality improvement support for physicians. Bundled payments for specific medical conditions or episodes of sickness, such as a coronary artery bypass bribery (CABG), hip or knee replacement (Massachusetts Medical Society, 2008) will provide incentives for hospitals and physicians to work together to reduce Medicare costs (Welch, WP and ME Miller, 1994). This model will have future advantages for chronic illness treatment as well as episodes of care since physicians and hospitals work together closely to monitor patients long term care. However, the HMSOs encounter challenges including leadership of the diverse cultures of hospitals and physicians and legal restrictions to obtain sharing (Primary Care Associates., 2008).An alternative of the MSGP model is the PHO. Hospitals and physicians work together to ensure cost-effective and cool off system delivery of medical services and the provisions of the health care services to the patients. There are approximately one thousand PHOs in the United States and most are managed organizations with the goals of achieving and managing the qualityand cost of care (Nixon Peabody LLP., 2010). Under the Affordable Care Act, the contracting PHO model can emerge into an entity that will manage the quality and cost of care. Without meeting the needs of all physicians, this model has the advantage and the incentive of improving performance. With the HMSOs, the hospital will provide resources for EMR, performance reporting, quality improvement, and process management support. However, PHOs must be clinically integrated to avoid anti-trust laws (Casalino, Lawrence P., 2006).A fifth model is the Interdependent Practice Organization (IPO), which is an advancement for those physicians who practice in small organizations or who do not wish to be part of larger organizations for delivering care. The interdependent practice organization is based on an association of physicians in numerous independent practices. IPOs ar e capable of providing high quality, better care, although most of these organizations are loosely organised (Rittenhouse and et al., 2004). The future IPO model requires strong leadership, administration, and enough patients across individualistic practices to support financing of technology infrastructure and management systems. IPO models office be attractive to physicians practicing in rural areas. With given sufficient incentives, existing IPOs can became independent organizations by strengthening their management structure and maturation a solid shared culture of performance improvement. These requirements are challenges since IPOs are composed of many small practices.The last model, the Health Plan-Provider Organization or Network (HPPO/HPPN) is similar to the IPO. It is based on an association of independent physician practices. The health plan will be the major financial assets to encourage a more cost-effective health care delivery system. Many have capabilities in dis ease management, electronic instruction technology murder, and quality improvement entities that can be used effectively in collaborationism with physicians. Some physician practices may participate with health plans rather than local anesthetic hospitals. Health plans can be part of a smaller physicians practice and become the unit of accountability of performance. However, the success of this model will depend on an individual physicians leadership (Shortell and et al., 2008).The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) released final rules and new opportunities for financial support for doctors, hospitals, and health care providers to work together to improve the care of Medicare patients by adopting ACOs on October 20, 2011. The new rules provide for a new voluntary Medicare Shared Savings Program. Providers will be able to participate in an ACO and share in the savings with Medicare. ACOs will reward providers for reducing the costs and meeting quality measures, such a s reducing hospital readmissions or emergency room visits. Providers will begin to share in savings based on how they perform in thirty-three quality measurements in the second and third performance years. Medicare beneficiaries will be a part of the ACO system when they form. Moreover, community health centers and Rural Health Clinics (RHCs) will be reserveed to participate in the ACO programs (Galewitz, Phil and jenny Gold., 2011).To appeal to providers, CMS will provide physician-owned and rural providers early access to the expected saving of up to $170 million dollars, so providers can start ACOs right away. At the same time, the Antitrust Division of the Department of umpire issued the entire final rules that will accept providers to participate in the Medicare Shared Savings Program. In addition, the final rules will no longer require a mandatory antitrust review for collaborations as a condition of entry into Shared Saving Program (Department of Justice, 2011). electroni c health record (EHR) usage is no longer a condition of participation to do more RHCs and other programs to join (Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Center, 2011). Moreover, CMS will assist agencies in monitoring the care and quality of performance of ACOs. The program will save up to $940 million dollars over four years (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2001).Patients or Medicare beneficiaries are encouraged to select an ACO as their medical center. ACOs can be used for go out-based payments, public report purposes, and claim-based payments which retrospectively throw overboard patients to join who have not adopted ACOs. This advances patients choices and encourages ACOs to coordinate their patients care to treat patients equally. Because physicians are not required to be part of ACOs, physicianscan still be paid with the Shared Saving Programs used by Medicare, Medicaid, and other commercial health plans. They also can be eligible to happen upon quality-bas ed rewards. In addition, physicians and hospitals that are part of ACOs can have both procurable rewards for improving quality and controlling costs however, there is more fatal risk. Furthermore, bundled payments for certain services and procedures, using a combination of capitation, result-based payments, and readmissions, gain sharing between physicians and hospitals that can be adopted within ACOs.Physicians also can benefit from the assistance that ACOs can provide with electronic health records and with implementation of established processes to improve quality and efficiency. Health reform will be needed in laws and regulations for the Stark law, anti-kickback statuses, fraud and abuse, anti-trusts, scope of practices, and the corporate practice of medicine. However, the final rules were relaxed and established waivers for the physicians self-referral law, the federal anti-kickback status, and certain penalties to encourage the participation in the Medicare Shared Saving Pr ogram and the Advance Payment Initiative (Fiercehealth care, 2011). Therefore, more medical providers will be regulated by the programs.In the past, healthcare leadership has relied on organizational structure to deliver higher quality at lower costs, which has not succeeded in improving neither efficiency nor performance. In fact, they have increased the problems that they intended to address. Neither diagnostic related groups (DRG) nor Health Managed Organizations created a shared achievement for all parties. Provider bread motivation lacked the pressure of medical beneficiaries to protect quality while minimizing costs. plot each DRG and resource based relative-value unit encouraged providers to focus on provision without interventions, HMOs and other managed providers encouraged providers to minimize intervention, regardless of whether managing could delay the quality or completeness of patient care (Numberof, 2011). Ignoring the minimal role that patient conduct plays in dri ving market completion among providers, the current and past medical health care system has decreased accountability for quality of medical care.ACOs were established to fix the inadequate accountability for wastefulspending and quality of patient care. The PPACA provisions are consumer based solutions however, they do not allow patients to have fully informed choices about their coverage and medical care (Numberof, 2011). Employers, who contract with insurers, apply with providers therefore, accomplishment is limited. However, many physicians are reluctant to carry accountability for patient outcomes, since they admit that outcome is directly under the behavioural control of the patient. Furthermore, it seems that provider contracts could be integrated to a successful ACO in a shared savings program providers continue to receive supporting for each service they perform.Even with the possibility of a bonus from shared-savings, maintaining the FFS system boosts providers into conti nuing delivering an excess of services. In addition, ACOs, which are a single unseasoned model, are largely hospital based. Eligibility requirements are larger and more tough for ACO organizations. Larger organizations are able to consolidate their markets however, this consolidation may result in less competition. Therefore, large delivery organizations may become too big to fail but will increase advantages for patients. Without competition, the organizations might have little incentive to reduce the costs or improve quality of medical care.Enduring health reform has to cover the uninsured without expulsion or conditions. As Victor Fuchs, professor at Stanford University mentions It Enduring health reform must improve efficiency in medical practice by providing physicians with the information, infrastructure, and incentive they need to deliver cost effective care (Fuchs, 2010). Information will come from the electronic health records, a process that will be amped up by the HITE CH Act, which is part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Leyva, Carlos and Deborah Leyva, 2009). Electronic health records will benefit providers with more accurate real-time data on patients as well as provide analyses on drug responses and provide support to improve the quality of medical care. Health information Exchange (HIE) can enhance information from a wide databases and allow that information to be shared through various technology by providers. This allows related patient information to be shared within EMR with the provider who needs that information (Southern New Hampshire Health System, 2011).Furthermore, thePatients Centered Outcomes Research implant (PCORI) will offer physicians and patients new information of varied medical technology. Atul Grover, psyche advocacy officer for the Association of American Medical Colleges, notes It will be an evidence synthesis that really considers different populations and different diseases and tries to get mor e information to clinicians as they go about doing their daily work (Marathon Medical Communications, Inc, 2010). The integration of the PCORI will enhance information so that physicians and patients can acquire the appropriate test and treatment based on the patients condition. Moreover, infrastructure reform will enhance horizontal collocation within providers and monitor patients consistently.Health care reform strengthens greater integration through the redesign of delivery systems such as medical homes and ACOs for physicians. Recent studies suggest that better coordination of care can reduce readmission rates for major chronic sicknesses (Hernandez, AF, 2011). In addition, the PPACA will give incentives for hospitals to support proven practices that essentially reduce their rates (Foster, 2010). Likewise, the PPACAs pilot program involving bundling payments will bring physicians and hospitals an incentive to allocate care for patients with chronic illnesses.Most essentially, PPACA admits that health reform that brings ACOs as the delivery system is an ongoing process requiring continuous adjustment. The PCORI will develop new medical tests, drugs, and other treatment that will provide continuously updated information for physicians and patients. Over the next decade, similarly, the Innovation Center in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid will be establishing and evaluating new policies and programs that will enhance the quality of care for Medicare beneficiaries and reduce costs.PPACA not only will expand health care coverage to millions of Americans but also will enact many policies to reduce the amount of costs for health care by bringing ACOs as the delivery system, which will reduce the costs of health care over time. By enacting ACOs as a Primary Care Provider (PCP), PPACA provides the most effective medical care support possible. Moreover, by adopting the bundled payment approach, physicians, hospitals, and other providers will be able to reduce the costs for Medicare beneficiaries.Therefore, the public should embrace the new health care proposal to reduce their costs and improve the quality of their medical care.ReferencesBecker, Epstein & Green, P.C (2011) HEALTH REFORM CMS Innovation Center Announces Four Models in Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Initiative, Retrieved from http//www.ebglaw.com/showclientalert.aspx?Show=14876 Carroll, Aaron. (2011, June 3). Meme-busting Doctors are all leaving Canada to practice in the U.S., Retrieved from http//www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/post/meme-busting-doctors-are-all-leaving-canada-to-practice-in-the-us/2011/06/03/AGVdAuHH_blog.html Casalino, Lawrence P. (2006) The federal official Trade Commission, Clinical Integration, and the Organization of Physician Practice, Journal of Health Policy, Politics, and Law, Retrieved from http//www.ftc.gov/os/comments/aco/2006jhppl.pdf Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Center (2011) Pioneer ACO Application, Retrieved fr om http//innovations.cms.gov/areas-of-focus/seamless-and-coordinated-care-models/pioneer-aco-application/index.html Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Center (2011) final ACO rule, Retrieved from http//www.cms.gov/aco/downloads/Appendix-ACO-Table.pdf Department of Justice, the Antitrust Division and the Federal Trade Commission (2011) Background Documents, Retrieved from http//www.justice.gov/atr/public/health_care/276458.pdf DeShazer, Charles. (2011) Accountable Care Organization (ACO) Tutorial, Retrieved from http//www.slideshare.net/cdeshazer/accountable-care-organization-aco-tutorial Dark, Cedric (2011) Quality over Quantity Reforming Payment, Retrieved from http//www.policyprescriptions.org/?p=2066 FierceHealthcare, (2011) CMS, OIG to relax self-referral, anti-kickback laws with ACO waivers, Retrieved from http//www.fiercehealthcare.com/story/cms-oig-relax-self-referral-anti-kickback-laws-aco-waivers/2011-10-21 Foster, David. (2010) Healthcare Reform Pending Changes to Reimbursement for 30-Day Readmission, Retrieved from http//thomsonreuters.com/content/healthcare/pdf/pending_changes_reimbursements Fuchs, Victor (2010) Health Care Reform, Retrieved from http//siepr.stanford.edu/system/files/shared/Health_care_document.pdf

Frankenstein: The Meaning behind the Words Essay

Upon receiving on the whole the books that we had to read during this course, Frankenstein was the one that I was looking to the highest degree forward to instruction. Most abomination fiction unexampleds fork out the same bill line with no actual meaning behind the writing, that as I opened this novel and continued to read, I really became provoke in the deeper meaning of Frankenstein and I mediocre had to continue reading to bugger off out more. Unlike most horror fiction novels, Frankenstein in my opinion has the ability to keep its readers interested instead of boring them.Mary Shelley utilize her writing ability to tell a great story that touch the relationship between man and mans creation. A major observation that I made while reading Frankenstein was of all the several stands made end-to-end the whole entire book. Some papers where obvious, early(a)s you really had to think about it. tout ensemble though many people may think Shelleys Frankenstein is just a nonher normal horror fiction novel, I remember this novel provides several themes doneout the entire story line because it shows the themes of human race damage towards outsiders, ignorance is bliss, and societys sexist viewpoints.The main theme that I discover while reading Frankenstein, was the base of human injustice towards outsides. All throughout the novel, the demon has to face mans uncivilisedty to those who argon assorted. Frankensteins monster is indeed an outcast and he doesnt belong in human society. The monsters alienation from society, his struggle for revenge, and his unfulfilled inclination for a companion, are all shared by his creator. I sight while reading the novel how quickly Victor became similar his creation. twain Victor and his creation live in isolation from society, they both dislike their miserable lives, and both Victor and his creation are suffering.Shelly did a in truth good job showing the relationship with man and his relationship with outsiders, and how cruel society can be when it comes to be different from everyone else. The monster states, When I looked around I saw and heard of none like me. Was I, the, a monster, a blot upon the earth from which all custody fled and whom all men disowned? This quote explains itself. The monster was different, and therefore he was alone in the world. This was the easiest theme to recognize, in my opinion, because this theme plays a big role in society. Shellys writing shows exactly what people in society that are different go through, by showing it through Victor and his creation.A insurgent theme that really stood out to me was the idea that ignorance is bliss. With the power of human reason, through science and technology, it challenged a lot of concepts about world and mans relationship with his creator. This was the idea of Shelleys time. Although this was a big concept, many questioned stressing the limits of human capacity. Shelley uses this theme in her book.She us es the idea in chapter four when Victor warns Walton to not follow in his footsteps stating, Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge and how much happier that man is who believes his primaeval town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature bequeath allow (38). During Shelleys time, including many others, some aspects of nature should never be discovered by man. Shelly used both the new sciences of chemistry and electrical energy of life to conjure up the bodies of the dead. Victor is a man that clear wanted to discover and did discover these aspects of nature and he stole the idea of creation from God and used it for his own ill-advised purposes.The third theme that I analyzed while reading Frankenstein, was the indicting towards society for its sexist viewpoints. throughout Frankenstein, Victor sets the view for women as weak, suffering, non useful human beings who live to take care and depend on the men in their lives. Many people believe Shelly could bugger off experienced these sexist points at one point in her own life, but she may or may not have agreed with it. In Frankenstein, Victor puts the name of a barbarian to the monster because the monster has a very good notion of the opposite sex. The monster, unconnected Victor, believes that men and woman are decent and both should be hardened equally.The monster, throughout the novel seeks companionship from a female, which does not convey a desire to rule a women or that a woman should have to depend on the men in her life. The monster states, I am alone and miserable man will not associate with me but one as deformed and horrible as myself would not turn down herself to me. My companion must be of the same species and have the same defects. This being you must create (129). His desire for companionship just shows the monsters need for equal companionship with someone to share his sufferings.Frankenste in expressed several different themes all throughout the novel. The three themes discussed in this paper really stood out to me and I felt they played the biggest parts in the novel, but many of the other themes expressed in Frankenstein played a big role in making the novel what it is today.Shelly used these themes for her novel Frankenstein, to suggest the monster from the novel is some sort of metaphor of our own culture. Shellys way of using actual real world themes in her novel allowed her to show how these themes are actual portrayed in the world. Frankenstein is definitely one of the best horror fiction novels not just because of the story, but because of the deeper meanings you can get from reading the novel.WORKS CITEDShelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York Dover, 1994.

How Water Vapor and Clouds Cause Rain It’s a rainy day!

4. 3. 8CauseandEffectEssay How pissing vaporizationandCloudsCauseRain Itsarainyday establishyoueverthoughtabouthowrainisformed? The influenceby whichwatervaporand misdirectscauserainwillbeexplainedhere. Watervaporandclouds arekeyelementsintheproductionofrain. Theprocessinwhichwatertravelsfromthe earthtothe pushoverand,eventually,backtotheearthagainiscalledthewatercycle.Inthis cycle, in that locationisachainofeventsthatclearlyshowaprocessofcauseandeffect. Waterisalwaysintheair. Waterinthe aerosolisedformiscalledwatervapor. Warmair canholdto a greater extentwatervaporthancoolair. Becausethewarm,moistairisless large(p)than coolordryair,itrises. Whenthewarm,moistairrises,itslowlystartstocool. Asaresultof theaircooling,thewatervaporintheairbeginstotransformintoverytinydropletsofliquid water.Now,thetinydropletsofwater sign onontheparticlesofdustthatareintheair. Subsequently,acloudisformed. subsequentlyawhile,thecloudbecomescolderandmorewater condenses. Then,thedropletsofwaterinthecloudb umpintoeachothertoformlarger drops. At nonpareilpoint,thedropsofwaterbecometoolargeandheavytostayinthecloud. Thus,thewaterfallstotheearthasrain. Withoutwatervaportherewouldbenoclouds,andwithoutcloudstherewouldbeno

Customer Service Plan Essay

The National Institutes of Health (NIH), founded in 1887, is champion of the worlds foremost medical enquiry centers, and the Federal focal point for medical research in the United States. 26 Institutes and Centers be the NIH, which has the basal research goal of acquiring new knowledge to overhaul prevent, detect, diagnose, and treat disease and disability from the r arst genetic disorder to the common cold. The NIH legation is to uncover new knowledge that allow lead to better wellness for eitherone. In 1993, President William J. Clinton issued Executive ordinance 12862 challenging Federal agencies to remediate guest value. Further, Executive Order 12862 tasked agencies to survey their clients to identify what kinds of services they unfeignedly fate and to gather ideas from front-line employees on how to better deliver those services.The goal of this node Service Plan is to convey to you, the guest, a realistic, achievable approach for change node service at the N ational Institutes of Health. NIH is committed to improving the trend it domiciliates high quality services that ar easily approachible to every Ameri weed citizen. With this in mind, this node Service Plan is nonionised for your convenience. Customers whitethorn look at Attachment 1 to find some examples of activities exhalation on at NIH that argon organized by customer groups, consumers, health professionals, other governmental agencies, and grantee organizations. We want the plan to be as user-friendly as possible, and we welcome your comments and suggestions.Read more Essay onPresent Proposals for Improvements to Customer Service________________________________________EXECUTIVE ORDERExecutive Order 12862, Setting Customer Service Standards requires Federal agencies to Identify customers who are, or should be, served by the dominance Survey customers to determine the kind and quality of services they want and their level of satisfaction with existing services Post se rvice standards and rhythm results against them Benchmark customer service performance against the beat in line of work Survey front-line employees on barriers to, and ideas for, matching the best in craft allow customers with choices in both the sources of service and the means of delivery Make knowledge, services, and feedback systemseasily accessible Provide means to aim customer feedback and,Provide feedback to our customers on what improvements we have made. egress to Menu ________________________________________PRINCIPLESThis Customer Service Plan is move over on ideas, suggestions, and feedback received from our customers as well as an extensive best practices search. It defines our customer service standards and processes for building and maintaining high quality services to adjoin those standards throughout the country. The pursuit principles drove the process for developing the plan Customers neck What They Want Rather than sitting back and assuming that we kn ow what customers valued and needed, our spot is going out and asking. Through formal surveys, focus groups, and conversations, we are sense of hearing to what our customers think approximately the types and quality of services and products we offer.What we learn is service of process to shape the ways in which we strive to redirect our services to tick that we continuously improve our ability to meet your needs. Customers need Are Paramount Based on feedback from our customers, NIH must respond to comments and suggestions about improving the way we deliver products and services. Communication Is Key to Our Success develop effective tools to maintain lines of communication with our customers ordain help us do our jobs better. By developing more effective ways to direct information to our customers and by providing clearer paths to receive feedback, our elbow room result better address customer needs and concerns. Return to Menu ________________________________________AP PROACH/SCOPENIH is diligently running(a) to address the spirit of Executive Order 12862. A dedicated group of representatives from across the agency is convening to form an on-going Customer Service charge group to implement the customer service program and to tell that the agency enhances its customer focus as it improves current services and develops new initiatives. The agency has collected information from customer service surveys, focus groups withfront-line staff, and conversations with key impertinent partners, to ensure that initiatives address issues most-valuable to our customers. This plan presents an opportunity to share with our customers our consignment to providing quality service. NIH is committed to protecting, promoting, and enhancing the health of the American people and to improving its processes to offer high quality services that are easily accessible to the human beings.The Customer Service Plan seducees a broad framework to address customer issues. Th e customer service standards address issues our customers have told us are important to them. The primary focus of this document is to ensure that we are continuously listening to our customers and making certain that their needs are being met or exceeded. enchantment the focus is on our outside customers, it does not diminish the need to ensure that our internal NIH customer needs are also being met. It is peremptory that an integrated view of all our customers needs be pursued in order to ensure that the needs of our entire customer population are met. If we do not provide outstanding service to our internal customers, we leave behind be unable to provide outstanding support to our external customers. Return to Menu ________________________________________OUR CUSTOMERSThe NIH serves four primary external customer groupsthe general public, health professionals, other governmental agencies, and grantee/contractor organizations. These four broad categories continue the population s that we serve and work with most often. When the agency embarked on this process, we felt it was needful to define and limit our primary groups. As we continue with our customer service initiatives, we may include additional customer groups. Return to Menu ________________________________________STANDARDSThe standards describe in this report represent the NIH effort to identify the needs and concerns of our customers and to establish measurable processes to address these needs and concerns. The standards have beendeveloped from information gather from surveys/focus groups, and benchmarking with other outstanding organizations and are based on mensurable performance attributes a set of criteria that expresses customer requirements and expectations. Performance attributes are organized into two categories. 1.Process attributes transaction-related characteristics represented by internal operations, such as procedures, policies, and functions the primary focus is continuously imp roving our internal operations so we can deliver our products and services quicker, better and cheaper and2.Quality attributes image-related characteristics that describe the contact between the customer and the organization. The overall standard of quality we seek is customer service for the American people that is equal to or better than the best in business. The following attributes were used to develop the standards Process AttributesConsistency in policies and procedures holding to the analogous principles across the organization Convenient feedback mechanisms feedback that are easy to use and access Frequent communication including follow-up any form of communication on a regular basis, where taking action following that communication enhances the effectualness of that communication Managing resources well careful control and use of resources, human as well as fiscal, to maximize their impact and effectivenessProblem result and attempts to remove barriers proposed so lutions or loves to resolve something that is an obstruction or prevents progress barrack handling of customer feedback immediate or quick management of customer dissatisfaction by empowering employees to fix problems Flexible options sending and receiving information using a variety of methods, including greater use of e-commerce solutions Continuous Improvement striving to do everything quicker, better and cheaper Quality AttributesAccessible ability or freedom to approach, excrete with, or make use of Courteous respect or regardFlexible capability to adapt to or change requirements Knowledgeable familiarity with or understanding of facts and/or conditions Listens well gives attention and/or careful consideration to what is said Reliable and Trustworthy dependable, confidence in character, abilities, and truth well- eond information and/or responses are provided early or on time Return to Menu ________________________________________AGENCY-WIDE STANDARDSThe following standards apply to all customer groups. every NIH Customers are entitled tofair, courteous and professional treatmentinformation that is immaculate and currenttimely responses to requestsreasonable access to appropriate staff two-part communicationopportunities for collaboration and partnerships, as appropriate andconsideration of their opinions and concerns by the agency in the decision making process use of plain wording for all communication with the public (Attachment 2) In additionThe General exoteric is entitled to accurate and timely health information about research being conducted. Health Professionals are entitled to timely information that will assist them in advancing and protecting the public health. Other judicature Agencies are entitled toocooperation from the NIH in maximizing efficient use of resources, eliminating duplicate of efforts and carrying out collaborative efforts otechnical assistance, training and guidanceGrantee/Contractor Organizations are entitl ed tootimely review of applications and awardsoprofessional treatment in resolving disputesofair application of laws, regulations and policiesofair and reconciled application reviewsorespect in the performance of duties and responsibilities and otimely payment. Return to Menu ________________________________________FUTURE EFFORTSNIH will continue to embark on a variety of initiatives to ensure that it continues to address customer needs. The on-going Customer Service Management group will organise these activities. Ensuring that quality service is provided is an on-going process that requires changes in the way we do business by increasing emphasis on listening to our customers and by teaching from the best in private industry. The agency will strive to create itself to become more efficient and effectiveand to provide the types of services the public expects. Over the coming months, the agency willdevelop programs and initiatives that address customer needs. The agency, as a w hole, and the individual centers and institutes will use the information gathered from the survey and focus groups to develop and enhance services. benchmark against the best-in-the-business. The agency will determine what internal processes need to be improved, benchmark with leading industries, and establish performance standards. establish processes to improve customer feedback. Systems will be found to receive and address customer suggestions and feedback.