Kraft Foods Group strategic decisions

5 Causes of the Death of a Tree

5 Causes of the Death of a Tree Trees have an extraordinary ability to withstand many damaging agents that are ever-present in their environment. Trees have evolved over millions of years to ward off many stressors that bite and burn and starve and rot their roots, trunk, limbs, and leaves. It is amazing how a tree compartmentalizes itself to seal off dead wood and disease, defoliates to reduce the effect of drought and bleeds to extract harmful insects. We know that all trees do eventually die. There are many hundreds of seedlings and saplings that succumb for every mature tree left in the forest. All ages of trees eventually die to the same agents and only the most adaptive (and often lucky) individuals make it to old age. There are 5 factors to which a tree eventually succumbs: death from its environment, death from harmful insects and diseases, death from a catastrophic event, death from age-related collapse (starvation) and of course, death from harvest. In most cases, death is the result of several, if not all of these conditions taking place simultaneously. Lets take a look at each of these. Adverse Environment Ground and site conditions on which a tree lives ultimately determines the environmental stressors placed on that tree. If a drought-sensitive tree lives on a dry site during drought conditions, it may indeed die from lack of water. But that same tree can also be more susceptible to every other life-threatening factor placed upon it. For example, a disease that appears to be killing the tree may in effect be only a secondary issue to the initial environmental problem. Examples of adverse environments to trees are poorly draining soils, salty soils, droughty soils, air and ground pollution, extreme sun heating or cold spots and many, many others. It is particularly important to understand a tree species genetic tolerance to environmental conditions when planting. Many trees adapt very well to poor sites, but you need to understand which species fits where. Harmful Insects and Disease Virulent diseases like Dutch elm disease and the chestnut blight have caused sudden death to entire forests in North America. However, the most common diseases are more subtle in their work, killing many more trees in total than virulent types and cost forest and yard tree owners billions of dollars in forest product and specimen tree value. These common diseases include three bad ones: Armillaria root rot, oak wilt, and anthracnose. These pathogens invade the tree through leaves, roots and bark wounds and damage a trees vascular system if not prevented or treated. In natural forests, prevention is the only economic option available and is a significant part of a foresters silvicultural management plan. Harmful insects are opportunistic and often invade trees under stress from environmental problems or disease. They not only can directly cause tree death but will spread harmful disease fungi from a host tree to surrounding trees. Insects can attack a trees cambial layer by boring for food and nesting cavities, or they can defoliate a tree to the point of death. Bad insects include pine beetles, the gypsy moth, and emerald ash borers. Catastrophic Events A catastrophic event is always possible in a vast forest as well as in an urban setting. All property, including trees, are subject to being damaged or destroyed. In many cases, trees are not killed but are damaged to the point where their vigor is lost, and insects and disease take advantage of a trees loss of resistance. Significant tree losses can occur during a forest fire or when exposed to tornado-strength winds. Trees take a terrible hit when heavy ice is deposited on species sensitive to limb weight which results in breakage. Floods that do not recede quickly can cause root oxygen levels to diminish to the point where tree damage can occur. Extraordinary drought makes quick work of moisture-loving tree species and can harm all trees when extended over a long period. Old Age For trees who beat the odds and live through maturity to old age, there is a slow dying process that may take centuries to complete (in long-lived species). The modular tree compartmentalizes around damage and infected areas and continues to grow. Still, growth starts slowing after a tree matures, the ability of the plant to support itself diminishes and incurs the loss of adequate foliage for hydration and food. New immature branches, called epicormic sprouts, try to assist in maintaining an old trees vigor but are weak and are insufficient to sustain life for very long. A mature tree slowly collapses under its weight and crumbles to become the nutrients and topsoil for future trees. Timber Harvests Well remind you that trees do die to the ax. Trees via their wood have supported humankind and civilization for millennia and continue to be a necessary part of the human condition. The practice of forestry through professional foresters work continually with much success to provide a sustained flow of available wood volume and at the same time, ensure a surplus of trees. Some consider deforestation a growing global crisis.

Teaching and Learning English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Teaching and Learning English - Essay Example Teachers and students may often identify the need for vocabulary learning, but fail to employ the techniques that would make the learning really effective, interesting, and easy. "The need for meaningfulness in language learning has been accepted for some years. A useful interpretation of 'meaningfulness' is that the learners respond to the content in a definite way. If they are amused, angered, intrigued or surprised the content is clearly meaningful to them. Thus the meaning of the language they listen to, read, speak and write will be more vividly experienced and, therefore, better remembered. If it is accepted that games can provide intense and meaningful practice of language, then they must be regarded as central to a teacher's repertoire. They are thus not for use solely on wet days and at the end of term!" (Wright et al, 1984). Therefore, the significance of language games in the learning of vocabulary is remarkable. There are various reasons to consider the use of games as effective and advantageous tool for learning and teaching vocabulary which is one of the inevitable aspects of English language learning. ... Third, vocabulary games bring real world context into the classroom, and enhance students' use of English in a flexible, communicative way." (Huyen & Nga, 2003). Treated from the affective aspect of the learning process, a vocabulary game lessens the affective filter and encourages, in the learner, the creative and spontaneous use of language. More importantly, the use of such vocabulary games promotes communicative competence of the learner and motivates him/her in the learning process. By motivating the learner for the continuous use of the language in communication, the vocabulary games help him/her in developing, apart from the learning of vocabulary, language competency as a whole. To judge the vocabulary learning games by the standards of Cognitive Theory of Learning, they reinforce learning activity, thereby, ensuring and affirming the learning to be meaningful and complete. This technique of vocabulary learning reviews and extends the vocabulary competence of the learner and, therefore, finds it very useful tool of language teaching. The modern theories of learning and teaching, affirm the teaching activity to be centered on the student and teaching and learning of English vocabulary through games can be considered the one of the best example of student centered teaching. Like the student centered methods of teaching, in this method vocabulary teaching, the teacher is just the facilitator and the real performer is the leaner. This makes the learner more active in the learning process and he/she learns more effectively. The learning of English vocabulary through games also facilitates the learning procedure to be easy and effective, as the learners are made active by the practice or there is greater possibility for class cohesion. This is

Customer Relationship Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Customer Relationship Management - Essay Example This research will begin with the importance of customer-centeredness. Businesses need to remember that nowadays, customers are more intelligent, well-informed and therefore more demanding than they ever were before. The Internet gives customers access to more information, and this allows them to educate themselves about products.   Therefore, they are intensely aware of what they have come to expect. In order to make sure that businesses of today can be successful, the business needs to make sure it is â€Å"customer-centered.† This implies a movement away from the former business focus of â€Å"process centered.†Ã‚   This shift means that businesses need to reorganize their focus by implanting a strategy geared toward success factors of the process, technology, people, and environment.   Management process will need to be examined and reviewed in order to make sure that wonderful and effective customer service is being provided. Businesses can gain an edge nowaday s if they are able to form management that focuses on good customer relationship skills.   This is often referred to as customer relationship management or CRM. The notion with CRM is to make sure the focus of the organization is the customer. Therefore, in order to make the company more customer-centered, it is important to ensure that all employees in the business contribute to the customer in the end.   Businesses that have been able to use this concept with success bring together the processes of people and technology.  

Washingtons Farewell Address Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Washingtons Farewell Address - Article Example From this study it is clear that Washington said that he was never really qualified to be the president of such a huge nation and everything he had achieved during his tenure was because of the support of the public. Washington's primary focus in his farewell address was on the unity of the states and the people. He stressed that the country would only succeed and survive if all the states of the country remain united. He warned the American Public that the safety and prosperity of the nation would always be threatened by domestic as well as foreign elements and unity is their only weapon against these enemies of the nation.This paper outlines that Washing also emphasized on the negativities of sectionalism and voiced his concerns over the creation of political parties. His warning was particularly targeted at the creation of Jefferson's Democratic - Republican Party. He acknowledges the healthy role political parties can play in promoting democracy but he advises them not to create disunity. These political parties can promote democracy and freedom in a totalitarian environment but that does not always happen. He points out that the creation of too many political parties can promote disunity and hamper the functioning of the government.  A large part of Washington's farewell address is dedicated to the discussion of foreign policies and their impact on the nation.  Washington advised that the foreign policy should be one which promotes 'peace' and harmony.... The Country should always prefer peace over war and fighting on behalf of a friendly nation on an unjust cause would only harm the goodwill of the country and should always be avoided. He is against the formation of permanent foreign political alliances. He argues that permanent alliances especially with the European countries would not be in the best interests of the country. He opines that trade relationships should be promoted without forming political alliances. This would allow the government to remain neutral on the political issues and to have more focus in the internal affairs of the country which would consequently result in prosperity. He shows his support for the newly formed constitutional government. He believes that it is the right of the people to have a say in the functioning of the government but this should only be done through the constitutional amendments. If the American public is against the policies and working of the government, they should turn to constitutio nal amendments rather than rebellion or revolution. This would ensure the proper political and economic functioning of the country. He warns that manipulating the amendments with the intention to overthrow the government could prove detrimental for the country and any constitutional amendment should be made when it is deemed absolutely necessary and after adequate consideration. He also dedicates a small part of his address to talk about religion, education and morality. In his address, he says that moral values play an important role in maintaining justice and public happiness and that morality is interlinked with the religion. And since religion and morality protect and talk about safeguard of live, honour and property, they are important for the public prosperity. He has also

Analysis of Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo (Dee) in Everyday Use

Analysis of Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo (Dee) in Everyday Use Where Must One Fit Analysis of Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo (Dee) in Everyday Use What made the Black Power movement of the 1960s and 70s such a powerful force, and why did it start in the first place? Author Russell Rickford explains in We Are an African People: Independent Education, Black Power, and the Radical Imagination, what Pan-Africanism means. The definition consists of rethinking African-American identity not in terms of being a minority or racial group, but as an African people. The movement was grounded in the importance of cultural rebirth to a people who were deemed unworthy of moral treatment, excluding them from the label of human. They did not know anything nor were aware about their African heritage. In Alice Walkers story Everyday Use she describes two sides of the same coin when it comes to heritage. Maggie, who stays at home with Mama and lives their heritage through traditions which are passed down. And Dee, who becomes enthralled with the concept of African-nationalism, practicing new habits which alter her psyche. This leads Dee to denounc e her recent heritage, excluding Mama and Maggie for being uneducated and categorizing the objects used every day as priceless folk-art. With the fight for desegregation of schools and the civil rights movement of the 1970s, African-nationalism was born. This is the time period when Dee, who was college educated, where the trend originated, had a new-found outlook on her African roots. So much so that she changed her outward appearance and name. When Mama inquired on why she changed it to Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo, Dee simply replied with Shes dead. I couldnt bare it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me.(27) Perplexed by the concept of the name change, Mama told her she was named after her aunt Dicie and that Dee was handed down through the generations. Wangero, getting tired of the conversation, jumped to the conclusion that somewhere down the line her ancestor was a slave to a white family and thus gave her a white name. Many outside sources such as The Nation of Islam encouraged Africans to abandon their slave names, their leader Elijah Muhammed writes You must remember that slave-names will keep you a slave in the eyes of the civilized world today. You have seen, and recently, that Africa and Asia will not honor you or give you any respect as long as you are called by the white mans name. Along with changing her name, Wangeros attire transformed as well. Straight hair, for Africans was a sign, another step towards assimilation into white society. Too more effectively exclude herself as an independent black woman Wangero grew out her afro. To Africans it was a symbol of defiance and repossession of her ancestral identity, embracing who they were naturally without being categorized as undesirable for their lack of straight fine hair.ÂÂ   She dressed herself in a long flowing bright dress that looked a lot like a traditional African garb and instead of saying hello she greeted Mama with the African term Wa-su-zo-Tean-o. The introduction to the new and improved Dee attests to the psychological process of morally separating herself from the past generations and reclaiming her Blackness. This includes wanting to take items from Mamas house in order to display them in a show and tell way further amplifying what she had to overcome. We are lead to question Dees sincerity when it comes to the acquisition of the items. Mama, our narrator, reminds us on how Dee hated the childhood house they used to live in and was joyful when it burnt down. Dee was embarrassed by Mama and the house, not wanting to bring friends over for introductions. She also tells us that when Dee was first going away to college, she offered her the very same quilts she now wanted to take and cherish. At the time, Dee abruptly refused them claiming they are old-fashioned, out of style. One can argue that the new-found appreciation for the family heirlooms is just part of the trend. That Dee can be seen as falsely affirming herself and becoming manipulated by the movement. Seeing that is it cool to have lived the struggle, that she came through by showing off her heritage through the art of hand stitched quilts made by her aunt. It seems as if she wants to gain respect from others following the movement by hanging and using these objects as art p ieces rather than the circumstances onto why they were made. Furthermore, at the beginning of the story, she snaps a picture of Mama and Maggie on the front porch. This is done after Mama describes herself as a large, big-boned women with rough, man working hands, one of the reasons why Dee never brought anybody over. This is done to further disrespect Dees own childhood, using it as a sort of show and tell, objectifying Mama and Maggie grouping them in the same category as the quilts, perhaps because she has missed out on the struggle of her heritage not learning the traditions of her ancestors. Dee, as Mama has lead us to believe, has never truly fit in. Always having her style even when she was young. Going away to college although has educated her academically, has left her out of learning the skills of her heritage like Maggie has. Quilting, field work, and all things Mama and Maggie have to deal with on a day to day bases is left untouched by Dee. This only solidifies Dees longing to be part of a culture and heritage she may feel left out of.ÂÂ   She feels obligated to present herself as part of the movement with the objects she wants to display. An African-American woman taking back her black identity. Trying so hard to claim the ranks on the social ladder leaves Dee unfeeling towards Mama and Maggie. This is especially seen when Mama refuses to give Wangero the quilts. Dee storms out to the car saying you dont understand your heritage. Understanding the character of Dee is complex. Because of the time period, Dee seems to be manipulated into a movement. While it is just, Dee resents her childhood forgetting where she came from. This in turn, leads her to denounce her recent heritage, demeaning Mama and Maggie and trying to fit within this movement by displaying folk-art. It is sad to see Dee pitying them as she gets into the car saying to Maggie Its really a new day for us. But with the way you and Mama live youd never know it just for one last verbal stab in defiance of her not getting her way. However, I end up feeling sorry for Dee, for within this new world she is living in, one must have asked the question where do I fit in? Work Cited Christian, Barbara T. Everyday Use and the Black Power Movement. 11th ser. (1944): n.pag. An Introduction to Fction. Web. Baker, Houston A. Stylish Vs. Sacred in Everyday Use.' 11th ser. (1985): 466-468. An Introduction to Fiction. Web. In search of African America: One collectors experience. An exhibit at the Herbert Hoover presidential museum. 21 Mar. 2004. Web. 1 Mar. 2017. B. Glaser, Linda, and AS Communications. The Black Power Movement and Its Schools. N.p., 2 Feb. 2016. Web. 1 Mar. 2017. Franchi, Elena. What is Cultural Heritage? Khan Academy, 2014. Web. 1 Mar. 2017. Makalani, Minkah. Pan-Africanism. African Age. Rutgers University, 2011. Web. 1 Mar. 2017.

Fairies: Beauty or Contentment? :: English Literature

Fairies: Beauty or Contentment? Fairies- like witches- were widely accepted as real in the Elizabethan era. The witches in Macbeth still stir debate over whether they initiated Macbeth’s crimes or simply anticipated then. What role do you think the fairies have in A Midsummer Night’s Dream? Are they simply a theatrical device to create wonder and beauty on stage or do the fairies have a greater significance? How does Shakespeare use them? In correlation to Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the role of the witches produces a direct connotation with the role of the fairies in A Midsummer Night’s Dream. The philosophical perception of fate is carried throughout both the dramas, enacting to drive the plot forward. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare uses the fairies to depict a magical setting, symbolizing beauty, love and contentment. These symbols form the basis of the play in context to the plot for the reason that these symbols drive the plot to come full circle by the 5th Act. However, the magical setting portrays Shakespeare’s intent of having the interaction between the two worlds; hence the combination is what formulates the plots complications whilst further proving the drama to be a romantic comedy. In addition, A Midsummer Night’s Dream revolves around the themes of love and marriage; thus the implication of fairies adds to the emotions of content through possessing a magical and joyous touch. Lastly, in contrast to the witches in Macbeth, the fairies don’t seem to possess an evil side, hence signifying the love and romance that surrounds the play. On this basis, Shakespeare uses the fairies to create an ambiance of affection; as their wits disregard the play to be more comedic than tragic. Nonetheless, Shakespeare connects the fairies to comedy within the play for the fact that the characters are in a dream world which frustrated lovers find happiness against all odds through the juice of a tree and further lovers suicides can be laughed at because they are part of badly told tale. In context to the play, the fairies significance is somewhat vital for the reason that their actions and decisions determine the course of the play. Furthermore, the opening scene is somewhat significant for the reason that it tells the reader the play is a fairy story, thus the role of the fairies is then imperative to some extent. â€Å"And then the moon, like to a silver bow new bent in heaven, shall behold the night† implies the notion of a ‘once upon a time story’, hence being a magical tale. Secondly, in correlation to the notion of fate that persists within the real world is determined through the magical droplets of the fairies, hence causing complications and the structure

African Americans in American Films Essay

African Americans in American Films Introduction                   Following the violent racism prevalent at the beginning of the turn of the twentieth century, African American cultural elites, struggling to articulate a positive identity for the black, developed a middle-class ideology of racial uplift. Insisting that they were truly the representative of the race’s potential, black elites espoused an ethos of service and self-help to the black masses and distinguished themselves from the black majority as the agents of civilization; hence they referred to it as the ‘uplifting the race.’ A central assumption of racial uplift ideology was that African Americans’ moral progress and material would diminish the white racism.                   The ‘uplift’ of the black community referred to the struggle of African Americans living in the 19th and early 20th century to forge and maintain positive identity in the U.S. society that reduced their existence to that singularly alienating phrase â€Å"the Negro problem.† This is very demining and that’s why they had to fight. What historians refer to as racial uplift ideology describes a prominent response of black middle-class spokespersons, leaders and activists to the crisis marked by the assault on the political and civil rights of African Americans primarily in the united states’ South from roughly the 1880s to 1914. A generation earlier, the end of slavery and emancipation had fueled African Americans’ optimistic pursuit of education, economic independence and full citizenship, all crucial markers of freedom.                   Advocates of African American political and civil rights fought a lonely and tough struggle with few allies in a national climate of anti-black racism. White southern politicians and elite opinion leaders defended white supremacy and proclaimed the mental, moral and physical depravity and inferiority of blacks from the pulpit, press and university. The consensus was that blacks were unfit for citizenship of the U.S., and that neo- slavery, or the plantation slavery of menial labor and sharecropping, was the natural state of black people and that is where they belong. Guided by southern apologists for lynching, many whites, regardless of education or income, viewed the aspirations of black men and women through the warped lens of crude racial and sexual stereotypes that accused all blacks of immorality and criminality.                   Given the occurrence of such frightening representations of shades of black, Africa America management and community spokespersons, a growing, but portion of the whole Africa America population, were under constant pressure to defend the picture and honor of dark men and ladies. Black management in the North were much freer to engage in governmental demonstration and condemn national oppression in stronger conditions than those management in the southern part of, where governmental outspokenness could outcome in lynching or permanent exile. Obviously, then, dark management differed on strategies for dealing with â€Å"the Negro issue.† So-called â€Å"radicals† endorsed demonstration and frustration against lynching and disfranchisement, challenging complete citizenship rights; traditional management recommended accommodation, self-help, and the desire of property-ownership. The issue of what type to train and learning was best suited for s hades of black was a super rod of argument. Some management, in the southern part of the U.S., preferred commercial knowledge, which highlighted manual training for farming and skilled jobs. Other dark management reinforced college for Africa Individuals, to ensure the development of a management and professional category. With opportunities for knowledge of any type restricted by the white-colored South’s anger, and with the preference of northern white-controlled philanthropy for commercial knowledge, what were basically complementary forms to train and learning became a source of intense issue.                   Despite these governmental variations, dark management generally countered anti-black generalizations by focusing category variations among shades of black, and their essential role as competition management. From their perspective, to â€Å"uplift the race† featuring their function as elites to change the character and manage the behavior of the dark community. Against persistent statements of dark immorality and pathology, knowledgeable shades of black battled a battle over the representation of their people, a strategy with uncertain effects and results. They knew as themselves as a â€Å"better class† of shades of black, and required identification of their respectability, and blessed position as providers of European improvement and society. But in doing so, they brought in a state policies of internal category department (See also panel 53 in Edward Lawrence’s The Migration of the Negro.) that often seemed to internalize popula r thoughts of dark social depravity and backwardness even as they desired to battle racial discrimination. In other words, this method of opposing racial discrimination tacitly echoed popular ideas of category and sex structure. Their view that community improvement for shades of black was preferably calculated in patriarchal conditions of male-headed families and homes created stress between knowledgeable men and ladies. Such objectives of women deference to men authority and management were challenged by many knowledgeable dark females, such as Old – Julia Cooper and the anti-lynching capitalist and reporter, Ida B. Bore holes.                   This version of national uplift philosophy as an anti-racist argument employed by knowledgeable shades of black is best understood as a complicated, varied and sometimes defective reaction to a situation in which the range of governmental options for Africa America management was restricted by the aggressive and persistent racial discrimination of the post-Reconstruction U. S. Declares. By reinforcing their respectability through the moralistic over stated claims of â€Å"uplifting the competition,† and suggesting the ethical guidance of the dark community, Africa America middle-class management and spokespersons were marginalizing the idea of uplift in its more democratic and inclusive sense of combined community progression and requirements for equivalent privileges. Many dark spokespersons desired to resolve this tension between personal and team position by insisting that personal success helped the whole competition. However, many Africa Amer ica men and ladies considered the over stated claims of uplift as a call to community support. They introduced values of self-help and support to the team in building educational, reformist community gospel chapels, social and fraternal organizations, settlement houses, magazines, trade labor unions, and other community institutions whose beneficial community impact surpassed the ideological limitations of uplift.                   In the last decade, movie students have focused an increasing amount of crucial attention on Oscar Micheaux’s 1920 silent movie Within Our Gateways as an essential Africa America reaction to D. W. Griffith’s infamously improper movie, The Beginning of a Country (1915). Oscar Micheaux’s milestone movie offered a rebuttal to Griffith’s interpretation of dark assault and crime with a story of the injustices faced by Africa Individuals in a improper community. While Griffith’s movie symbolizes dark men attacks on white-colored women cleanliness, Micheaux’s movie sets the historical record straight with its interpretation of the attempted sexual attack of a dark woman by a white-colored man. But the national reversals in the plot of the movie are not the only difficulties that Within Our Gateways presents to Griffith’s movie.                   Within Our Gateways also surfaces The Beginning of a Country in the state policies of its appearance, specifically in its very different use of similar modifying. Griffith’s movie uses crosscutting to existing a very simple resistance between white-colored virtue and dark villainy; in contrast, Micheaux’s movie uses a complicated modifying pattern to existing a larger community vision of many different, competing governmental roles within both white-colored and Africa America community. The complicated design of Micheaux’s modifying is efficient in making up a viewer who is more politically crucial than the viewer constructed by the traditional The show biz industry design of Griffith’s movie. Series in Micheaux’s movie crosscut among five or six different locations and twice as many characters; consequently, Micheaux’s movie requirements an engaged and innovative viewer to identify inconsistent and contrary comm unity and governmental statements about the power structure of competition relations in the U. s. Declares.                   The Negro Knight is a 1944 documented created by the U. s. Declares Military during World War II.[1] The movie was created by Honest Capra as a follow up to his successful movie series Why We Fight. The army used this movie as a means of propaganda to persuade Africa Individuals to solicit in the army and battle in the war. A lot of people regarded the movie very highly, some going as far to say that The Negro Knight was â€Å"one of the finest factors that ever happened to America†.[2] Due to both high reviews and great cinematography, The Negro Knight proved to be a large movie that affected army members and citizens of all competitions.                   The Negro Knight affected later Africa America movies and its viewers in different ways. The movie performed a considerable part in changing the types of roles that Africa Individuals received in following movies. For example, instead of showing shades of black only as slaves or sub servants, this movie showed Africa Individuals as lawyers, artists, athletes, and other valued careers. In different movies during this time frame, Africa Individuals were often represented as comical figures. However, after The Negro Knight, Africa Individuals performed more decent and popular roles in movies.                   Furthermore, people came to realize how essential and significant a tool, movies were for telecommuting saves gas. Messages within movies, if indicated the correct way, could influence viewers greatly. The message within The Negro Knight hard the notion and offered visual proof those national equal rights was a validated idea and should be approved. Africa Individuals around the country were very pleased with this movie.                   In both movies, the meaning of uplift was extremely competitive even among those who shared it is designed. Ultimately, top level ideas of the philosophy retreated from more democratic thoughts of uplift as community progression, leaving a heritage that becomes smaller the Americans’ ideas of privileges, citizenship, and community justice. One of the significant limits of national uplift philosophy was that the attempt to restore the picture of dark people through category differences trafficked in statements of national and sex structure. The appeal implied in national uplift philosophy for the identification of dark elites’ capacity for citizenship had overshadowed post-emancipation justifications by shades of black and white wines that posited inalienable privileges as the foundation for dark men citizenship, financial privileges, equivalent protection, and team power.                   The dark top level made uplift the foundation for a racial top level identification declaring Negro improvement through category stratification as competition improvement, which required an associated idea of bourgeois certification for bigger roles in the movie industry, among other factors. Elites basically approved the conditions of the debate, recognizing that some are more deserving than others are. Instead of competition, though, they suggested that it was acculturation and display of western culture and knowledge. References Capra, F., Moss, C., United States., & United States. (1994).  The Negro soldier. Hollywood, CA: Craven Home Video. Hitchcock, A., Macgowan, K., Swerling, J., Steinbeck, J., Bankhead, T., Bendix, W. Slezak, W. Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment, Inc. (2005).  Lifeboat. Beverly Hills, Calif: 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. Micheaux, O. (1994).  The conquest: The story of a Negro pioneer. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Micheaux, O., Thomas, P. A., Cram, B., Bowser, P., Taylor, C., Johnson, B., Northern Light Productions. PBS Video. (1994).  Midnight ramble: Oscar Micheaux and the story of race movies. Alexandria, VA: PBS Video. Source document

Disability pension Essay Example

Disability pension Essay Example Disability pension Essay Disability pension Essay State measures which intend to address needs of 15% of its citizens who have disabilities include the PWD Card (for 20% discounts on medicines, medical services, etc. ) and Disability Pensions from the Government Insurance Service System (GSIS). However, these are largely limited and ineffective because the discounts can only be availed of by non-poor PWDs (who are the only ones who can afford to buy medicine, go to the hospital, or eat in a restaurant in the first place), while GSIS Benefits are only for government employees. Retirement programs rely solely on contributions from employment during the lifetime of a person which is not available to people with disabilities that have not had the opportunity to work because of disability-based discrimination or the lack of work-related disability accommodation. The main poverty-alleviation program of the government is the CCT. Over 90% of the national budget for the Department of Social Welfare is for the CCT. It addresses MDGs on maternal / infant mortality, health and education. It documents (but does not target) disability in Household Assessments which identify the poor. Furthermore, the Philippine CCT does not utilize disability in the Proxy Means Test in determining who the poor are. Thus, the presence of a PWD in a household is given little consideration. Although NHTS-PR identified 305,729 households with members with disabilities, not all of them benefits from the CCT program. In a NCR survey conducted by PIDS in 2008, poverty incidence among households with a person with disability is 40%. This is considerably high compared to the 7. 1% (the lowest among 17 regions) poverty incidence in the general population. The poverty incidence rate is higher in other regions not as developed as the NCR. The mainstream poverty-alleviation programs will always have households with a person with disability as beneficiaries because of the fact that they are poor. Success of these programs is very limited and temporary in the sector. Most of these programs did not consider the additional disability-related expenses (especially for those with extensive disabilities) which are over and above the usual expenditures in a household where no member has a disability. Common disability-related expenses are medicines, assistive devices and maintenance (i. e. wheelchair), medical supplies (i. e. urine bag, catheter), diaper and others. Even if the person with disability has a source of income (job), a big chunk of the earning goes to the disability-related expenses. The table below illustrates this. Person w/o disability Blind Deaf Wheelchair user Wheelchair user with PA Transportation P56-P78 P56-P156 P56-P78 P400 P400 Meals P50 P50 P50 P50 P50 Employment related deductions Cost of specialized support such as PA, Sign Language Interpreter none. Depends P 426. 00 (P53. 25/hour) Depends (sign language interpreter costs P312. 50/hr) None P426. 00 (P53. 25/hr) In cases where a family member has an extensive disability, another person is required to be present. This is usually a parent, a sibling or a child. If they belong to the working age group, it translates to one earning-capacity not utilized and income for the household not realized. This unrealized income plus the additional disability-related expenses compounds the financial and economic situation of a household with a person with disability. A poor household with a person with disability given the same amount of financial assistance as part of the mainstream program (e. g. 4Ps) given to a household with no person with disability will not be able to get out of poverty. Aside from the lack of necessary social support services and poor compliance to existing laws (i. e. Accessibility Law) that will greatly impact the social inclusion of persons with disabilities, the conditions of certain programs will work against the realization of the envisioned goal if the financial situation of affected households is not considered. A program giving strong consideration to this is necessary. The Government has legal, social and economic responsibilities to take care of the people. The bigger picture will show that having a disability does not affect only the person but also the family. Addressing the needs of the sector of persons with disabilities will arrest the cycle of disability and poverty. This will result to a lesser economic burden for the government of the affected sector of the population. Disability pension is supplemental to the mainstream poverty-alleviation programs. This will target the additional disability-related expenses of the individual. This will give purchasing power for products and services that will result to equalization of opportunity and social inclusion of persons with disabilities. Proposed budget: No. of beneficiaries (HH identified by NHTS-PR) Amount of cash grant Frequency Total 305,729 500. 00 12 (months) 1,834,374,000.

Needle Blight Tree Disease - Prevention and Control

Needle Blight Tree Disease - Prevention and Control This group of blight diseases - including Diplodia, Dothistroma and brown spot - attacks conifers (mostly pines) by girdling needles and killing branch tips. These needle blights are caused by the fungus, Dothistroma pini mostly on western pines and Scirrhia acicola on longleaf and Scots pine needles. Needle damage can cause major commercial and ornamental damage to conifers in North America significantly affecting the nursery and Christmas tree industries. Infected needles often fall from the tree creating a symptomatic scorched, denuded look. The blight usually results in dramatic browning and dropping of the foliage beginning on the lower branches. It rarely attacks upper branches on conifers so the tree might not immediately die. Diseased Needle Identification Early symptoms of a blighted needle would be deep-green bands and yellow and tan spots on needles. This deep green color banding is short-lived. The spots and bands quickly turn brown to reddish brown during the summer months. These bands tend to be brighter red and more numerous on pines in California, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, where this disease is often referred to as the red band disease. Needles may develop extensive leaf browning within several weeks of the first appearance of symptoms. Infection is typically most severe in the lower crown. Infected second-year needles usually drop before infected current-year needles. Needles that become infected the year they emerge often are not shed until late summer the following year. Successive years of severe needle infection can result in tree death. In most cases, the disease makes pines in landscapes unsightly and pines in Christmas tree plantings unmarketable. Prevention Repeated annual cycles of disease infection can result in dead limbs and eventual loss of any meaningful ornamental or commercial value of the conifer. Breaking this infection cycle has to happen to effectively stop the fungus. Brown spot needle blight in longleaf pine is controlled using fire. The use of genetic resistant pine strains or clones has been identified in Austrian, ponderosa, and Monterey pines. Seeds from Eastern Europe have shown high resistance and are currently used to produce Austrian pines for Great Plains plantings. Sources of ponderosa pine seed have been identified as having high resistance and collected for planting in endemic areas. Control High-value nursery and Christmas tree plantings can benefit from chemical fungal control. Early detection is important and high dollar trees may be sprayed as a preventative measure in locations where the fungus is active. A copper fungicide spray program, repeated over several years, will eventually allow new, undamaged needles and branch tips to replace the diseased ones. Chemical applications should begin in spring where the first spray protects the previous years needles and the second spray protects the current years needles. When symptoms of the diseases have disappeared, you can discontinue spraying. Ask your local extension agent for recommended chemicals.

To be determe Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

To be determe - Movie Review Example film of analysis for this movie is the film Star Wars with Luke Skywalker as the main protagonist and Darth Vader as the villain which Higgins mentioned in page 25 of his book with its mythic revelation of Vader’s true identity (he was Anakin Skywalker). The Star Wars series can be said as a morality play with the classic theme of a battle between good and evil with Darth Vader keep on urging Luke Skywalker (he is his son after all) to give in to his dark side and join him. In a confrontation between Luke Skywalker and Darth Vader, the latter was even encouraging Luke to become angry with him to fuel his dark side of anger. In between, Darth Vader was even trying to illustrate to Luke Skywalker on how the dark side can make him stronger with an incentive of an empire to rule. What makes the film interesting in addition to the futuristic and sci-fi theme of the film is the the exploration of the dark side accentuated by interesting characters such as Darth Vader. As what Higgins mentioned in page 29 of the book, this may be because â€Å"we [are] simply bored with the blandness of everyday life†. That the impulse ot explore â€Å"what’s crawling underneath the rock of our beings† is a universal human nature. This is illustrated in the film with the young Darth Vader, who used to be Anakin Skywalker and was with the side of the good. Talented, strong and powerful, he was also trained with the way of the Jedi by the wishes of the departed Jedi master Qui-Gon. The Jedi Order had reservation about Anakin as being susceptible to the dark side but still respected the wishes of Qui-Gon. Later, Anakin realized or realized that giving in to the dark side would make him more powerful. The pathway to the dark side or being a villain can be said to have been explained in the film Star Wars. Perhaps an illustration of Higgins description that it is our nature to explore â€Å"what’s crawling beneath the rock of our beings†. It first started with overconfidence

Marketing Planing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Marketing Planing - Essay Example The first IKEA Store was opened in Almhult, Sweden to showcase the entire furniture range to the common people. The main objective of the company was to offer exclusive furniture range at an affordable price for the common people. In the year 1940 the company published its first advertisement in reputed newspaper and also sent 800000 catalogues across Swedish homes (IKEA, 2013h). The furniture range was tested at the Swedish design laboratory for proving its genuine quality. The unique selling proposition of IKEA showroom is its wide availability of products ranging from candlestick to coffee tables and exclusive sofa sets (IKEA, 2013c). In addition to the variety of products the inclusion of the restaurant to each store outlets of IKEA was very popular among the customers. The company is famous for manufacturing the four legged easy to assemble table. In spite of the global economic crisis IKEA has witnessed an increase in the sales of furniture by 1.4 percent in the year 2009 from 2008 (IKEA, 2013e). The company yielded profits from the UK sector in spite of the slow economic growth in furniture industry. Figure 1: Annual Sales of IKEA Market Planning Changing &Assessing Capability The market planning method helps in developing plans which help in identification and satisfaction of customer needs. One of the major elements of market planning is to identify the customer needs and requirements through market research and development. Understanding customer requirements is necessary to develop a product as per customer specifications and requirements. Initially, the IKEA furniture range had shades of European design which reflected the European culture and heritage. IKEA was aware of the refined taste of the Europeans and it reflected in the furniture designs. IKEA came up with a unique idea of providing customers with elegant designs at minimalistic prices. This marketing strategy worked wonders for IKEA and the company started yielding huge amount of profits. When the company opened its first American store in Philadelphia in the year 1985 the market seemed to be a very good prospect for IKEA however, the cold behaviour of the American towards IKEA furniture range took the management by surprise. IKEA revamped its marketing strategy completely and renovated the entire furniture range. The marketing tactics worked wonders for IKEA and the sales of the company skyrocketed immediately. By the end of the year 2008, USA became the second largest furniture market after Germany for IKEA. This incident taught IKEA a lesson that the customers of different countries have different requirements and tastes and products should be developed accordingly. Before entering the Asian markets the management of IKEA did their homework well and studied the Asian culture carefully. For example the designs of the IKEA stores in China were similar to that of Chinese homes with attractive colours. IKEA also started paying heed to specific customer needs and requi rement for example when a woman would shop with her husband, her husband would get bored so a tool section was introduced for the comfort of the customers. The customer knows that the publication of the